HumanCulturalVariations,

SocialDifferences,Social
Ch an ge an d Po lit ica l Ide n t it ie s
LearningObjectives

At the end of the discussion, the learners will be able to

demonstrate an understanding of:

1. human cultural variation, social differences, social

change, and political identities

DEPARTMENTOFEDUCATION 2
Act ivit y 1 : Pict u r e An a lys is (E xa m in e t h e p ict u re
andanswerthefolowing.)

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DEPARTMENTOFEDUCATION 4
Activity2.REFLECTION
• Think of an experience where you had
observed differences, changes or identifying
qualities from another society or a group of
people you have encountered before. Narrate
this experience and explain the ways how you
handled it.

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DEPARTMENTOFEDUCATION 6
DIS CUS S ION

DEPARTMENTOFEDUCATION 7
CulturalVariations
• Culture- serves as a “tool kit” that provides us
with the equipment necessary to deal with the
common problems of everyday life (Swidler
1986; Brinkerhoff et al 1995).
• Common and not-so-common problems are
readily resolved as culture offers immediate
solutions as long as every members of society
conforms.

DEPARTMENTOFEDUCATION 8
C u l t u r a l Va r i a t i o n s i n M o d e o f D r e s i n g
DEPARTMENTOFEDUCATION 9
CulturalVariationsinBodyLanguage

DEPARTMENTOFEDUCATION 1
S i g n i f i c a n t R e a s o n s f o r C u l t u r a l Va r i a t i o n s

1. Environment- Why do Filipinos different

from Eskimos and Dumagats from Badjaos?
Environmental condition is one of the evident
reason as inhabitants must adapt in order to
survive.
•. From this adaptation, people’s way of life can
be determined such as the kind of economies
which they practice.

DEPARTMENTOFEDUCATION 1
Eskimos,DumagatsandBadjaos
DEPARTMENTOFEDUCATION 1
S i g n i f i c a n t R e a s o n s f o r C u l t u r a l Va r i a t i o n s

2. Isolation- as one society cut its interaction

from other society, this follows a creation of a
set of norms and values distinct from the
previous culture.
•. The condition of isolation prevent contact with
the other people, thus the kind of culture will
continue to develop free from influence and
contamination from other society.

DEPARTMENTOFEDUCATION 1
DEPARTMENTOFEDUCATION 1
Iranianwomenlo kingatMaoZedongat
Te h r a n ’s M u s e u m o f C o n t e m p o r a r y A r t
DEPARTMENTOFEDUCATION 1
S i g n i f i c a n t R e a s o n s f o r C u l t u r a l Va r i a t i o n s

3. Technology- when tools has become

available to one culture, it likely affects not
only the norms and values but also its
economic and social interactions and
relationships.
•. This makes possible why Filipino dating and
courtship practices has significant differences
with the Filipino customs a decade ago.

DEPARTMENTOFEDUCATION 1
Filip in o Cou r ts h ip
DecadesAgo

DEPARTMENTOFEDUCATION 1
S i g n i f i c a n t R e a s o n s f o r C u l t u r a l Va r i a t i o n s

4. Dominant Cultural Themes- new ideas and

inventions introduced to a society are usually
accepted only when they fit into the existing
culture or represent changes that can be
absorbed without too greatly distorting the
prevailing patterns.
•. Thus, every culture basically carries dominant
themes which makes distinction and direction
to the culture while for some it create a closed
system.
DEPARTMENTOFEDUCATION 1
DominantCulturalThemes
NadineMahinhin

DEPARTMENTOFEDUCATION 1
SocialDifferences
• refer to the dissimilarities among the
individuals that is based on their social
characteristics and qualities.
• For large society, these social differences are
more complex compared to small ones as this
includes race, class, age, ability, sex,
profession, gender, etc.

DEPARTMENTOFEDUCATION 2
Aretheredifferencesinraces?
DEPARTMENTOFEDUCATION 2
SocialDifferences
• More often than not, social differences result
to discrimination among individuals as
differences on their qualities and
characteristics are readily identifiable.
• For example, in a diverse society where socio-
economic class evidently separates people’s
dwellings like the squatter areas in Tondo,
Baseco and Bagong Silang within Metro
Manila.

DEPARTMENTOFEDUCATION 2
SocialDifferences
• Similarly, people with high status are afforded
with respect and importance compared to the
poor or homeless individuals.
• Social differences, thus, can create societal
problems because of discrimination resulted
by inequality, inferiority complex and other
related problems.

DEPARTMENTOFEDUCATION 2
SocialChange
• the alteration of society over time (Andersen
and Taylor, 2007)
• Social change may not only be regarded as a
process but also as a means, an end or even
as a social movement, a condition involving a
program, an ideology and a problem.
• As long as there are evident differences from
the social and cultural components previously
upheld by the people in the society, change
exists.
DEPARTMENTOFEDUCATION 2
AlterationinFilipinoCourtship
DecadesAgo

DEPARTMENTOFEDUCATION 2
PoliticalIdentity
• is almost always associated with a group
affiliation and describes the ways in which
being a member of a particular group might
express specific political opinion and attitudes.
• Generally, identity is often thought of as a
person’s belief system and social affiliations.
• There are various factors which create an
identity like nationality, race, gender, sexuality
and even the place where a person live.

DEPARTMENTOFEDUCATION 2
DEPARTMENTOFEDUCATION 2
PoliticalIdentity
• can be regarded as political arguments which
focus upon the interest and perspectives of
groups which people identify.
For instance, the equal protection clamored by
homosexual community rest upon the interest
and their perception as believed by each
member.

DEPARTMENTOFEDUCATION 2
DEPARTMENTOFEDUCATION 2