GLASS

MANGUKIYA DAXESH
GAJERA HITARTH P.I.A.R
GABANI KISHAN
KHUSHRO ANSARI
SHABBIR ANASWALA
DHRUVANG PATEL
Definition :-

“Glass is an inorganic product of fusion, which has been

cooled to a solid state condition without crystallizing”

EXAMPLE :- window panes, tableware & optoelectronics.

(optoelectronics - combined use of electronic and light.)
Raw material used :-

The main raw material used to make glass is sand. To

make clear glass, a special sand called silica sand is
used.
This fine white sand is needed because it is very pure
and dose not contain other unwanted chemicals. Glass
production also needs limestone, soda ash and other
chemicals to color the glass.
Silica sand 72%
Soda ash 17%
Lime 5%
Others 6%
Production of glass :-

● Traditionally glass was made by blowing liquid glass

derived by melting sand, calcium oxide and sodium-
carbonate to extremely high temp. and the cooling the
liquid to the desired shape.
● Since a few thousand years the recipe to make glass has
been the same. it's just that its properties can be enhanced
by adding certain admixtures to the raw materials or by
providing suitable coating to meet different needs.
 Production flow chart
raw material

melting gob formation

soda ash, lime,
sand, cullet

spiral reheating joining

cutting Joining, finishing sorting

recycle dispatching packaging

 Other glasses :-
• Beveled glass • Forturan • Low-iron-glass
• Blown plate glass • Flat glass • Moss agate glass
• Bristol blue glass • Flexible glass • Polish plate glass
• Frosted glass • Porous glass
• Burmese glass • Fumed silica • Rippled glass
• Carnival glass • Fused quartz • Silica fiber
• Cer-Vit • Glass fiber • Silica fume
• Glass microsphere • Silica gel
• Chemically strengthened glass • Glass of antimony • Smart glass
• Chevron bead • Glass wool • Temperature sensitive
• Gold stone • Toughened glass
• Crown glass(window)
• Ground glass • Zerodur
• Despression glass • Hydrophobic silica
• Factory tint • Heatable glass
• Hebron glass
• Favrile glass
(1) Plate glass :-

Plate glass is thicker than ordinary glass.

It has a very smooth surface.
It is made by floating a layer of molten glass
over a layer of molten tin.

Uses :-

It is used in shop windows and doors.

(2) Extra clear Glass :-

This type of glass is hydrophilic

i.e., water moves over them
without leaving any marks and
photocataylitic i.e., easier to
clean and maintain.
Uses :-
Openings, in office for
connectivity, use for glass walls.
(3) Toughened Glass :-

It is a type of safety glass processed by

controlled thermal or chemical treatments
to increase it's strength. Outer surface is
into compression and the inner surface into
tension.

Uses :-

Doors & Windows at lower level, shower

doors, partitions & mobile screens.
(4) Colored glass :-

Small amounts of metallic oxides are mixed with

the hot molten mixture of sand, sodium
carbonate and limestone.
The desired color determines the choice of the
metallic oxide to be added, as different metallic
oxides give different colors to the glass.
Uses :-
It is used for decorating walls, making
sunglasses and for making light signals for
automobiles, trains and aeroplanes.
(5) Float Glass :-

It is also called soda lime glass

or clear glass. Produced by
annealing the molten glass.
thickness range from 2mm to
20mm.
Uses :-
making canopies, glass blocks,
shop fronts, railing partitions,
stairs, shelf, frame etc.
(6) Laminated Glass :-
Made by sandwiching glass panels
between polyvinyl butyric(PVB) or
ethylene-vinyl acetate(EVA).
it can also called bulletproof glass.
Uses :-
glass facades, aquariums, bridges,
staircases, floor slab, protects
from UV (99%).
(7) Photo-chromatic glass :-
Photo-chromatic glass acquires a darker shade
when exposed to bright light and returns to its
original lighter shade in dim light.
This happens because silver iodine is added to this
glass.
Used :-
it is used in sunglasses and facade wall.
(8) Tinted Glass :-

Additions to the glass batch mix

can add colour to clear glass.
Iron oxide gives green tint,
Sulphur in different concept. can
give yellow, red & black tint and
copper sulphate gives blue tint.
USES :-
Coating on facade glass wall
and use in car windows.
(9) Double glazed Glass :-

An insulated glass unit (IGU)

combines multiple glass panes into
a single window system.
Most IGUs are double glazed (two
panes of glass) with three panes
(triple glazing).
Uses :-
Reduce the Unwanted heat.
Advantages of Glass :-

• Glass in construction work adds beauty to the building.

• Glass in interior saves spaces inside the buildings.
• Glass cladding in building fulfil functional requirement of
lighting, heat retention and energy saving.
• Its use appear of a sense of openness and harmonious.
• With toughened glass good interior design with transparent
staircases, collared shelves ,ceilings.
• Glass is a good material for thermal insulation , waterproofing
and energy conservation.
• Bad conductor of heat saves energy in air conditioning of
building.
• Partitions on upper floors , no extra design required for slab as
it is light in weight .
Disadvantages of Glass :-

• Glass is a costly material it increases the budget of

construction.
• use of glass also enhances the cost of security
• Its use in hilly area and desert may causes more
maintenance cost.
• Glass is also unsafe for earthquake proven areas.
Thank You