A Guide to

APA Citation
Neveen Kamal
ENG 32LNG
What is a Formatting Style?
 Thereare several different writing formats
used for publications, papers, essays and
books.
 Academic Integrity

 Academic integrity is the moral code or

ethical policy of academia.

 This
includes values such as avoidance of
cheating or plagiarism; maintenance of
academic standards; honesty and rigor in
research and academic publishing.
 APA
American Psychological Association
 What is APA Style?

 APA Style® originated in 1929, when a group of

psychologists, anthropologists, and business
managers convened and sought to establish a
simple set of procedures, or style rules, that would
codify the many components of scientific writing to
increase the ease of reading comprehension.
APA style is widely used at
school and universities.

Check out the APA manual

It concerns uniform use of
such elements as:
 selection of headings, tone, and length;
 punctuation and abbreviations;
 presentation of numbers and statistics;
 construction of tables and figures,
 citation of references; and
 many other elements that are a part of a
manuscript
APA Manual 6th Edition

Check free
information
on their
website

www.apa.org
What is In-Text Citation?
Insert an in-text citation:
 whenyour work has been influenced by
someone else's work, for example:

 when you directly quote someone

else's work

 when you paraphrase someone else's

work
 Direct Quote:
 People planning for retirement need
more than just money—they also “need
to stockpile their emotional reserves” to
ensure they have adequate support
from family and friends (Chamberlin,
2014, para. 1).
Paraphrase
 Chamberin (2014, para. 1) stated that
people planning for retirement need more
than just money—they also “need to
stockpile their emotional reserves” to
ensure they have adequate support from
family and friends
 To Cite or not to Cite?
 Youdo not need to cite common knowledge
The White House is located in Washington D.C.

 Youdo not need to cite information found in

numerous sources
Pearl Harbor was bombed on December 7, 1941

 When in Doubt - Cite

 Why Cite?
 Give credit to the author of the original
information

 Avoid Plagiarism

 Easily
find original information again
through: Reference Page and In-text Citation
 Citing a book/article…
 This was seen in an Australian study (Conger,1979).

OR

Conger (1979) has argued that...

OR

In 1979, Conger conducted a study which showed

that...
 Note:APA style requires authors to use the
past tense or present perfect tense when
using signal phrases to describe earlier
research, for example, Jones (1998) found
or Jones (1998) has found...
 According to Jones (1998), "Students often
had difficulty using APA style, especially
when it was their first time" (p. 199).

 Jones (1998) found "students often had

difficulty using APA style" (p. 199); what
implications does this have for teachers?
 Ifthe author is not named in a signal phrase, place
the author's last name, the year of publication, and
the page number in parentheses after the quotation:

She stated, "Students often had difficulty using APA

style" (Jones, 1998, p. 199), but she did not offer an
explanation as to why.
Long quotations
 Type the entire quotation on the new
margin, and indent the first line of any
subsequent paragraph within the
quotation 1/2 inch from the new margin.
Maintain double-spacing throughout. The
parenthetical citation should come after
the closing punctuation mark.
How to Cite Material Without
Page Numbers
 If the cited material does not have page numbers
(such as may occur with some e-books) and you
need them for an in-text citation, use any of the
following location information instead:

 a paragraph number, if provided; alternatively,

you can count paragraphs down from the
beginning of the document;

 an overarching heading plus a paragraph number

within that section; or

 an abbreviated heading (or the first few words of

the heading) in quotation marks, in cases in which
the heading is too unwieldy to cite in full, plus a
paragraph number within that section.
Quote From Electronic Source..
 ...(Chang, 2001, para. 2)
 Check the following link for
more details…
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/1
0/
 Difference between a
paraphrase & a summary .
 ... Paraphrased material is usually shorter
than the original passage, taking a
somewhat broader segment of the source
and condensing it slightly.

 Summarizing involves putting the main

idea(s) into your own words, including only
the main point(s) .
References
 How to write a Reference page?
 Reference page
 The reference list is the last page of your
research paper and contains detailed
information on each of the sources used in
the research paper

 Referencepage should be complete and

accurate enabling other readers to retrieve
and use the sources mentioned
 Present the following info for
the resources you used in your
research
 Who
 What
 Where
 When
 Example
 How to Cite an Website in APA

 Last,F. M. (Year, Month Date Published). Article title.

Retrieved from URL.

Satalkar, B. ( 2010, July 15). Water aerobics. Retrieved

from http://www.buzzle.com

(Notice the indention here)

 Your reference list should be:
 ona new page, with "References" centred at
top of page

 in
alphabetical order, if more than one
source with same name, organized by year

 double spaced, with hanging indents

 at the end of your assignment