Science Form 4

Chapter 2 Body Coordination

2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.7 Coordination between the nervous
system and the endocrine system
Similarities :
• Respond to stimuli (外来刺激)
• Function to control body activities
 Differences:
Nervous Feature Endocrine
system system
(nervous (hormonal
coordination) coordination)
Nerve impulse Means of Hormones
control控制
Electrical and Nature of Chemical
chemical message
Effectors Destination of Target organs
message 目标器官
Nervous Feature Endocrine
system system
(nervous (hormonal
coordination) coordination)
Rapid快速 Speed of Slow
transmission
Localised Area affected Widespread
Short, Duration of Long, may be
temporary effect permanent
暂时 and and
reversible可逆 irreversible
 Coordination between the nervous
system and the endocrine system
during emergency:
Stimulus  receptors detect stimulus and send
impulses to brain  brain interprets and sends
impulses to adrenal gland  adrenal gland
secretes adrenaline  effects  response
 Effects of coordination between the
nervous system and the endocrine
system during emergency:
1. Dilation of pupils 瞳孔扩张
2. Increase in breathing rate呼吸频率增加
3. Increase in heartbeat 增加心跳
4. Increase in blood pressure血压升高
5. Increase in blood glucose level血糖水平升高
6. Increase in energy production 增加能源生产
 2.8 Effects of Drug Abuse on Body
Coordination and Health
What is Drug Abuse?
1. Drugs are chemical substances that change
the way the body works.
2. Drug abuse is refers to the use of drugs
without doctor’s prescription for non-medical
purposes.
 Groups of drugs
Stimulants Depressants Hallucinogens
兴奋剂 抑制剂 致幻剂
Caffeine Opium鸦片 LSD
Nicotine Morphine吗啡 Marijuana大麻
Cocaine Heroine Psilocybin
(Magic
mushroom)
Amphetamines Cannabis 麻 Ecstasy
Barbiturates
Alcohol
Caffeine
Nicotine
Cocaine
Amphetamines
Opium鸦片
Morphine吗啡
Heroine
Cannabis 麻
Barbiturates
LSD
Marijuana大麻
 Psilocybin
(Magic mushroom)
Ecstacy
Effects of drug abuse on body coordination
 Effects of drug abuse on health
• Heart problem
• Liver damage
• Weakens the immune system
• Cancer
• Brain damage and serious mental
problems
• Transmission of diseases
• Death if overdose
• High blood pressure
 2.9 Effects of excessive consumption
of alcohol on body coordination
and health
Alcoholic drinks contain ethanol. There are
many types of alcoholic drinks, but in general
they fall into three main categories:
• Beers : 4-7% alcohol content
• Wines : 10-13% alcohol content
• Spirits : 30-50% alcohol content
Effects of alcohol on body coordination
Effects of alcohol on health
2.10 Importance of a sound 健全and
healthy mind
Mind心神:
• thinking思维,
• feeling (emotion) 感觉,
• reasoning推理,
• perceiving感知 (意识对内外界信息的觉察，
感觉，注意，知觉的一系列过程)
 Characteristics of a healthy mind
• Able to reason
• Able to differentiate right and wrong
• Free of prejudices
• Able to think rationally
• Able to perceive stimuli and respond
appropriately
 Factors which can affect the state of
mind and mental health
• Hormonal imbalance
• Drug abuse
• Brain injury
• Mental stress
• Excessive consumption of alcohol