AWARENESS ON

TUBERCULOSIS AND
PREVENTION
TUBERCULOSIS
TUBERCULOSIS

“Tuberculosis is a
leading cause of
infectious
morbidity and
mortality
worldwide.”
-WHO
 TUBERCULOSIS
● M. tuberculosis is spread by droplet nuclei or
aerosolization of the bacilli in airborne particles of
respiratory secretions
● Particles are expelled when a person with infectious
TB coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings
● There is increased transmission in smoking
(cigarettes, crack and/or marijuana) from associated
coughing
● TB with cavities (holes caused by the bacilli eating
away surrounding tissue) in the lung is the most
infectious
● Close contacts are at highest risk of being infected.
 TUBERCULOSIS
● Signs and symptoms
–Prolonged cough (2
weeks)
–Night sweats
–Weight loss
–Bloody sputum
–Recurrent low-grade
fever
–Enlarged lymph nodes
 TUBERCULOSIS
EPIDEMIOLOGY
INDICATOR GLOBAL WEST PHILIPPINES
PACIFIC
REGION
Incidence Rate (per 139 108 290
100,000)

Smear positive (per 61 48 130

100,000)

Prevalence Rate 206 197 500

(per 100,000)

Mortality Rate 20 16 41
Deaths 1,756,000 No Data 36,305
 ILLICIT DRUG USE AND
TUBERCULOSIS

“People who use and inject illicit drugs are at high

risk of contracting tuberculosis, whether or not
they are infected with the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV).”

-World Health Organization

ILLICIT DRUG USE AND TUBERCULOSIS

“In people who use illicit drugs without injecting,

this higher risk of tuberculosis is primarily
attributable to the sharing of drug equipment,
such as marijuana water pipes, and to living in
cramped conditions or in dwellings with poor
ventilation.”

-World Health Organization

 DIAGNOSIS
● Direct sputum smear examination shall be the primary
diagnostic tool in case finding.

● It is only after a pulmonary TB symptomatic has

undergone a sputum examination for diagnosis with
three sputum specimens and subsequently yielded
negative results that he shall be made to undergo other
diagnostic tests such as X-ray, culture and others, if
necessary.
● Sputum smear examination is the preferred method for
the diagnosis of TB. No diagnosis of TB shall be made
based of the result of X-ray examinations alone. Skin
tests for TB infection (PPD skin tests) should not be used
as a basis for the diagnosis of TB in adults.
 ANTI-TB MEDICATIONS

1. Rifampin
2. Isoniazid
3. Pyrazinamide
4. Ethambutol
Patient After Completion of Anti-TB
Treatment
REFERRAL

 Rural Health Units

 Any TB-DOTS facility
in the region
 Medications are free
throughout the entire
course
THANK YOU! 