Alkaustariyah Lubis

M. Faisal
Soviony Saputri

Preseptor : dr. Dian Komala Dewi, Sp.Rad(K)

 IMAGING MODALITIES
– Plain abdominal x ray
– BNO-IVP
– Retrograde & antegrade pyelography
– Retrograde uretrography/cystography/urethrocystography
– Bipolar Urethrocystography
– Voiding Cystourethrography
– Ultrasonography
– CT Scan
– MRI
– Nuclear Imaging
– Hysterosalphingography
 ANATOMY
Genitourinary System
• Urinary System
– Kidney
– Ureter
– Bladder
– Urethra
ANATOMY
 ANATOMY
KIDNEY
• Bean shaped (convex laterally & concave medially)
• Length: ±11,5cm or 31/2 vertebral body)
• Width: ±5-8cm
• Thickness: ±3cm
• Retroperitoneal
• Between Th12- L3
• Right kidney is lower ± 1cm than left kidney
 PLAIN ABDOMINAL X-RAY
• Routine
• Good quality films will show the kidney outlines
– Enlargement (mass/hydronephrosis) can be
recognized
• Calcification
– Opaque calculi in the kidney, ureter or bladder
– Nephrocalcinosis : calcification in the renal
parenchym.
• Air distribution in the bowel
– Sentinel loop
NORMAL
ENLARGEMENT OF THE KIDNEYS
MRI : Long axis of the kidneys is directed
downward and outward, parallel to
the lateral border of the psoas muscles
 ANATOMY
URETER
• Diameter 1mm-1cm
• Length: 25-30cm
• Retroperitoneal
• Three normal narrowing area
– Pelvoureter junction (PUJ)
– Pelvic brim where the iliac vessels cross the ureter
– Vesicoureter junction (VUJ)
 ANATOMY
URETER
 ANATOMY
BLADDER
• Urine reservoir
• Posterosuperior to the pubic bone
• Position:
– Empty: In the pelvic cavity
– Full: Extend to the abdominal cavity
• Capacity
– Adult: 350-500 cc
– Children: (Age [in year] + 2) x 30 cc
 ANATOMY
BLADDER
 ANATOMY
URETHRA
• Length:
– Male: 17,5-20cm
– Female: 4cm
• Male urethra divided by inferior aspect of urogenital
diaphragm into:
– Anterior part
• Cavernous/Penile part
• Bulbar part
– Posterior part
• Membranous part
• Prostatic part
 ANATOMY
URETHRA
ANATOMY
 Retrograde Urethrography
• To assess the urethra
• The contrast media is injected from the distal
to the proximal part of the urethra (retrograde
or ascending)
 ANATOMY
Male Reproductive System
 ANATOMY
Female Reproductive System
Ovarian cyst