TEKANAN KAPILER

 Air
h

Water
 DEFINISI TEKANAN KAPILER
PERBEDAAN TEKANAN PADA BIDANG BATAS
ANTARA FLUIDA YANG TIDAK BERCAMPUR

Pc = pnwt - pwt

Dimana Pc = Tekanan Kapiler

Pnwt = Tekanan pada non wetting phase
Pwt = Tekanan pada wetting phase
 APLIKASI DATA TEKANAN KAPILER
 Penentuan distribusi fluida dalam reservoir
(pada kondisi awal)
 Penentuan perolehan minyak pada water flooding
 Pore Size Distribution Index, 

Ai
 
h r

Wat
er
 1 2 3 4

AIR

WATER

Kenaikan fluida dipengaruhi oleh diameter pipa kapiler nya

4
Tekanan Kapiler pada sitem udara – air
pa1
pw1 Air
h
pa2
pw2 pw2 pw2

Water

Pa2 = pw2 = p2
pa1 = p2 - ra g h
pw1 = p2 - rw g h
Pc = pa1 - pw1
= r w g h - r a g  h
= r g h
TEKANAN KAPILER – SISTEM MINYAK /AIR

2  ow cos 
Pc 
r
Pc = Capillary pressure between oil and water, dyne/cm2
ow = Interfacial tension between oil and water, dyne/cm
 = Oil/water contact angle, degrees
r = Radius of capillary tube, cm

6
Drainage dan Imbibition pada tekanan kapiler

DRAINAGE

• Fluid flow process in which the saturation

of the nonwetting phase increases

• Mobility of nonwetting fluid phase

increases as nonwetting phase saturation
increases

IMBIBITION

• Fluid flow process in which the saturation

of the wetting phase increases

• Mobility of wetting phase increases as

wetting phase saturation
nonwetting phase increases

wetting phase increases

 PROSES DRAINAGE

• Fluid flow process in which the saturation of the

nonwetting phase increases

• Mobility of nonwetting fluid phase increases as

nonwetting phase saturation increases

Contoh :
Hydrocarbon (oil or gas) filling the pore space and displacing the
original water of deposition in water-wet rock
Waterflooding an oil reservoir in which the reservoir is oil wet
Gas injection in an oil or water wet oil reservoir
Pressure maintenance or gas cycling by gas injection in a retrograde
condensate reservoir
Evolution of a secondary gas cap as reservoir pressure decreases
 PROSES IMBIBITION
IMBIBITION
•Fluid flow process in which the saturation of the
wetting phase increases

•Mobility of wetting phase increases as wetting

phase saturation increases

Contoh:
Accumulation of oil in an oil wet reservoir
Waterflooding an oil reservoir in which the reservoir is
water wet
Accumulation of condensate as pressure decreases in a
dew point reservoir
9
Pengaruh Permeability pada bentuk kurva Pc
20

16
Decreasing
Permeability,
Capillary Pressure

Decreasing 
12

A B
8

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Water Saturation
Effect Grain Size Distribution pada bentuk kurva Pc

Poorly sorted
Well-sorted
Capillary pressure, psia

Decreasing 

Water saturation, % 11
 AVERAGING CAPILLARY PRESSURE DATA USING
THE LEVERETT J-FUNCTION

• The Leverett J-function was originally an attempt to

convert all capillary pressure data to a universal
curve
• A universal capillary pressure curve does not exist
because the rock properties affecting capillary
pressures in the reservoir have extreme variation
with lithology (rock type)
• BUT, Leverett’s J-function has proven valuable for
correlating capillary pressure data within a lithology
(see ABW Fig 3-23).

12
 DEFINITION OF LEVERETT J-FUNCTION

J (S w ) 
C Pc k
 cos  f
• J-Function is DIMENSIONLESS, for a particular rock type:
• Same value of J at same wetting phase saturation for any unit
system, any two fluids, any values of k,f
•(k/f)1/2 is proportional to size of typical pore throat radius
(remember k can have units of length2)
•C is unit conversion factor (to make J(Sw) dimensionless)
13
 LEVERETT J-FUNCTION FOR CONVERSION OF
Pc DATA

 C Pc k  C Pc k
J(S w )     
 σ cosθ f  Lab  σ cosθ f  Reservoir

Pc 
(r w  ro ) h 2  ow cos 
144 Pc 
r
Pc = psia
H = ft
r = lb/cuft
14