SCIENCE,

TECHNOLOGY
and SOCIETY
SCIENCE comes from the Latin
word ‘scientia’ which means
knowledge.

SCIENCE is a systematized body

of knowledge based
on experimentation and facts.
TECHNOLOGY comes from Greek
word ‘technologia’.
‘Techne’ which means craft
‘logia’ which means saying
TECHNOLOGY is the use of
scientific knowledge for
the production, improvement,
and distribution of
goods and services, as well as the
satisfaction of
other material needs.
Society is derived from the Latin
word ‘socius’, which means
companionship or friendship.

Society is a large grouping that

shares the same geographical
territory, shares a common
culture and expected to abide by
the some laws.
 Scientific Revolution

Scientific revolution is claimed to have

started in the early 16th century up to the
18th century in Europe.

Scientific Revolution was the period

of enlightenment when the developments
in the fields of mathematics, physics,
astronomy, biology, and chemistry
transformed the views of society about nature.
Nicolaus Copernicus
Heliocentric Model of Universe
Charles Darwin

 Theory of Evolution
 The Origin of Species
Darwin’s Theory of Evolution

 Evolution, or change over time, is the

process by which modern organisms have
descended from ancient organisms.
Voyage of the Beagle
Voyage of the Beagle

 Dates: February 12th, 1831

 Captain: Charles Darwin
 Ship: H.M.S. Beagle
 Findings: evidence to propose a
revolutionary hypothesis about how life
changes over time
Sigmund Freud

 Method of Psychoanalysis-
- scientific way to study human
- mind and neurotic illness.
 PSYCHOANALYSIS =
the single most influential
school of thought of the XX
century
PSYCHOLOGICAL DETERMINISM
 There is no such thing as random behavior; all our
acts are determined by internal forces.

CONFLICT

• Our lives are a constant negotiation of opposing

impulses.

• Such conflicts produce anxiety.

UNCONSCIOUS
CRADLES
OF EARLY
SCIENCE
Mesoameric
an
Civilizations
MAYAN CIVILIZATION
MAYAN CIVILIZATION
• Group of city-states ruled by a
king
• Economy based on agriculture
and
trade
• Polytheistic religion—
Tikal, Guatemala
Pyramids

Political and Social Structure

Accomplishments
Language
The Maya developed an independent
Hieroglyphic language.
CALENDAR
 The Maya developed a
calendar that had two
different parts.
 It had a solar calendar with
365 days, divided into 18
months with 20 days each with
5 extra days at the end.
 A Lunar calendar based on the
movement of the Planet
Venus. This was a sacred
calendar with 260 days and 13
weeks of 20 days each.
Incan civilization
• Located in the Andes
Mountains of South America
• Ruled by an emperor
• Economy based on high-
altitude agriculture
• Polytheistic religion
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
 Roads paved stones;
 Stone building that surmounted earthquakes and other
disasters;
 Irrigation system and technique for storing water for
their crops in all types of land;
 Calendar with 12 months to mark their religious festivals
and prepare them for planting season;
 The first suspension bridge;
 Quipu, a system of knotted ropes to keep records that
only experts can interpret;
 Inca textiles since cloth was one of the specially prized
artistic achievements.
QUIPU
Aztec civilization
• Located in arid valley in central
Mexico
• Ruled by an emperor
• Economy based on agriculture
and tribute from conquered
peoples
• Polytheistic religion with
pyramids/rituals
ACCOMPLISHMENTS

1. Mandatory Education
2. Chocolates
3. Antispasmodic
medication
4. Chinampa
5. Aztec calendar
6. Inventions of the
canoe
Aztec Calendar
1. Xiuhpohuali –
365-day calendar cycle

2. Tonalpohuali-
260-day ritual cycle