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Prophase Nucleus and cell divide
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
M phase
G2 phase G1 phase
Interphase
S phase
DNA replication
DNA replication occurs prior to mitosis (however limited synthesis may occur
during recombination or for repair of damaged DNA)
Important Concepts
http://www.dnatube.com/video/335/Animated-DNA-Replication
DNA polymerases
• RNA polymerase can synthesize a new strand whereas the DNA
polymerase can only extend an existing strand (works on partially
double stranded DNA)
Endonuclease
• Requires ATP
• Removes knots and tangles that can form within and between DNA
molecules
• Primase then lays down an RNA primer at the extreme end of this
new structure which is then replicated by a DNA polymerase
5’ 3’
3’ 5’
GAP
Telomerase
Medical relevance
One factor in aging on cellular level
Senescence
Some cancer cells have high telomerase activity
Telomeres and longevity
• Telomeres shorten as we age, but the telomeres of centenarians are
remarkably long, more like those of people three decades younger
or even younger
• http://www2.macleans.ca/2013/05/14/how-long-will-you-live/
Variations of semiconservative
replication
Displacement Replication