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Yulia Hurtado Waldo
Substantives
A substantive is an object or thing, in the dictionary it's identified like: (n)
Words which end with “s" we add “es" like: sentence, sentences, kiss, kisses.
Words ending with “Y" change the y to “ies” Ex. Baby, babies. Celery, celeries
Substantive and the plural. Adjectives.
Things
Small, Big
Persons
Short, long
Blond(rubio), blonde(rubia)
The adverbs
Prepositions: This are words which express positions, precedent, destiny or direction. Ex. From, to, In, at.
Conjunctions or connectors: It works for linking sentences or phrases. Ex. With, without, and, but, because.
Expressions or modism: Its meaning is adapted for social behaviors but it hasn't a exact translation. Ex. By
the way, how do you do.
The articles the, a, and an
In singular or plural it's write the same. The = el, la, los, las. Ex. The car, the cars
Accept, achieve, act, admit, agree, allow, announce, annoy, answer. etc.
Action list (irregulars) present
Words that changes its writing
Abide, arise, awake, be, bear, beat, become, begin, bend. Etc.
Adjectives and their opposites
Happy - sad
Beautiful - ugly
Old - young
Tall - short
Prepositions
Directions, locations, positions, origin place, destination place, size, time, rec.
In, on, at
Opposite, in front of, behind, in back of, in the front of, in the back of, at the back.
Her Hers
Its Its
Our Ours
Your Yours
Their Theirs
Demonstrative pronouns
These = plur. Express that two or more things or persons are next to us
Those = plur. Express that two or more things or persons are away from us.
There is and there are
Ex.
On Monday
On april
On holidays
The use of ing
We use ing at the end of an action for denoting “ando, endo.
Ex
Give - giving
Another, the other and others
Another plus (a singular substantive) is used to indicate you have a thing, an objec or a person Added, more
than you already have.
Ex. I have a good English course, but I want to buy another course
Present progressive
It's used for indicate that an action is happening at a specific moment in present.
It's used for expressing an action that we do or that is more often repeated with
Question words are “who, what, where, when, why, and how" and it can be used with any grammatical
time.
Appendix 1 and 2
The adjectives or words that make them pass like adjectives, are located with the next order.
Theses are used to say how often do we do an action, theses ca be used on any grammatical time.
These are words that we use for compare two persons, animals or things.
Are used to compare three or more things, animals or persons, remember that to compare we use
adjectives.
These are words that are used to indicate a determined number or some kind of things quantity, wich could
be names, animals, things or persons.
Contables Uncountables
Hotel Beer
Bicycle Milk
Pen Water
Very and too
It's used to express that something is possible to do or something that, into the possible, could happen.
The adverbs besides o qualify the actions, these can qualify the adjectives too or even to another adverb.
Ex. Do me a favor
“Make" it's mean to do, create or build something with the hands.
In past simple “to be" it's divided in “was” and “were" when it comes with subject persons.
Ex. I was, you were, he was, she was, it was, we were, they were
It's used when an action in past progressive is interrupted by an action in simple past.
Ex. She is going to visit her grandparents in New York at 7:00 o'clock PM. Tomorrow, because she wants to.
Tags with future and past
Simple future
Simple past
These are words wich helps us to name people, animals, things or places, without specify gender or
direction;and they're always considered singular.
Everyone
Everybody
These are used to give extra information about a person, a place, an objec, or time or another.
Ex. The man who is playing basketball will win the game.
The use of whatever, whichever, whoever,
whomever, wherever and whenever
These words are always considered in singular
One another (some to/with other) (there are three or more persons).
So that, in order to, are used to indicate a purpose and can be translated as: (de manera que, o con el
proposito de/que. And sometimes are translated as: “for or because…”
Ex. He is washing the car so that he can take his girlfriend to the cinema.
The use of ...
Ex.
It's not good for him to keep himself awake until late at night