Branches of

Philosophy
Presented to:Miss Irum Saba
Presented By :M Sana-ur-rab 2181025
Zain Ishtiaq 2173234
Hamza yaseen 217353
Faizan Asghar Basra 2173136
 What is Philosophy?
• philosophy phílosophía, meaning ‘the love of
wisdom’) is the study of knowledge, or "thinking
about thinking“.
• The study of the ultimate nature of existence, reality,
knowledge and goodness, as discoverable by
human reasoning
 Branches of Philosophy
Epistemology, which deals with our concept of
knowledge, how we learn and what we can know.
Metaphysics, which deals with the fundamental
questions of reality.
Logic, which studies the rules of valid reasoning and
argumentation.
Ethics, or moral philosophy, which is concerned with
human values and how individuals should act.
Aesthetics or esthetics, which deals with the notion of
beauty and the philosophy of art.
 Epistemology
• The term “epistemology” comes from the Greek
"episteme," meaning "knowledge," and "logos,"
meaning, roughly, "study, or science, of." "Logos" is
the root of all terms ending in "-ology" – such as
psychology, anthropology – and of "logic," and has
many other related meanings.
• The word "knowledge" and its cognates are used in
a variety of ways. For instance, we might hear
someone say, "I just knew it wouldn't rain, but then it
did." While this may be an appropriate usage,
philosophers tend to use the word "know" in a
factive sense, so that one cannot know something
that is not the case.
 Metaphysics
• Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy concerned
with the nature of existence, being and the world.
Arguably, metaphysics is the foundation of
philosophy: Aristotle calls it "first philosophy" (or
sometimes just "wisdom"), and says it is the subject
that deals with "first causes and the principles of
things"
 Main branches of
Metaphysics
• Ontology
• Natural Theology
• Universal Science
 Logic
• Logic originally meaning "the word" or "what is
spoken", but coming to mean "thought" or "reason",
is a subject concerned with the most general laws
of truth, and is now generally held to consist of the
systematic study of the form of valid inference. A
valid inference is one where there is a specific
relation of logical support between the assumptions
of the inference and its conclusion.
 Ethics
• Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy
that involves systematizing, defending, and
recommending concepts of right and wrong
conduct. The field of ethics, along with aesthetics,
concern matters of value, and thus comprise the
branch of philosophy called axiology.
 Three major areas within
ethics
• Meta-ethics,
• Normative ethics,
• Applied ethic.
 Aesthetics
• Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy that deals with
the nature of art, beauty and taste and with the
creation or appreciation of beauty.
• It is defined as the study of subjective and sensori-
emotional values, or sometimes called judgments of
sentiment and taste.
• More broadly, scholars in the field define aesthetics
as "critical reflection on art, culture and nature"
 Other Areas of
Philosophy
• Philosophy of education
• Philosophy of religion
• Philosophy of science
 Philosophy of education

• The philosophy of education examines the goals,

forms, methods, and meaning of education. The
term is used to describe both fundamental
philosophical analysis of these themes and the
description or analysis of particular pedagogical
approaches.
 Philosophy of Religion
• Philosophy of religion is the philosophical study of
the meaning and nature of religion. It includes the
analyses of religious concepts, beliefs, terms,
arguments, and practices of religious adherents.
• Philosophy of religion draws on all of the major
areas of philosophy as well as other relevant fields,
including theology, history, sociology, psychology,
and the natural sciences.
 Philosophy of science

• Philosophy of science is a sub-field of philosophy

concerned with the foundations, methods, and
implications of science.
• This discipline overlaps with metaphysics, ontology,
and epistemology, for example, when it explores
the relationship between science and truth.
Conclusion