Ethics in Specific Issues

Retna Siwi Padmawati

 Content
• Violence (domestic, sexual, or child)
• Ethical principles
• Legal system
• Ethics in Consultation
• Confidentiality
• Responsibilities of general practitioners
 Violence against women
• at least one-third of women around the world
have been beaten, coerced into sex, or
otherwise abused in their lifetimes (UN).

• Intimate partner and sexual violence are

serious problems that affect a large
proportion of women, in both stable societies
and in conflict and crisis.
 Violence against women
• It can have serious consequences for the physical,
mental and sexual and reproductive health.
• The harm it causes can last a lifetime and span
generations.
• Health sectors have roles in
– preventing such violence from occurring in the first
place and
– ensuring that women who suffer from violence have
access to appropriate care and services.
 What is violence
• violent behavior is defined as intentional
physically aggressive behavior against another
person.
• "the intentional use of physical force or power,
threatened or actual, against oneself, another
person or against a group or community, that
either results in or has a high likelihood of
resulting in injury, death, psychological harm,
maldevelopment or deprivation.
• violence is a matter of perception as well as a
measurable phenomenon,
• psychologists have found variability in
whether people perceive certain physical acts
as 'violent'.
 Ethical principles
• The discipline concerned with what is morally
good and bad, right and wrong.
• The term is also applied to any system or
theory of moral values or principles
• Its subject consists of the fundamental issues
of practical decision making, and its major
concerns include the nature of ultimate value
and the standards by which human actions
can be judged right or wrong
Major Ethical Principles
• Autonomy
• Beneficence
• Non-maleficence/do no
harm
• Distributive Justice
• Utility Principle
• Precautionary Principle
 Legal system
• Law enforcement is the main means of
regulating nonmilitary violence in society.
• Governments regulate the use of violence
through legal systems governing individuals
and political authorities, including the police
and military.
• three basic systems: civil law, common law,
and religious law— or combinations of these.
 three perspectives that we can use to evaluate if our medical
practices or health care policies are ethical

Approach Primary concern

To view access to health is the same to individuals
from different social status. Every individuals
Egalitarianism
regardless of their social and economic status
have the same rights to health services.

To view infidividual rights is the first consideration.

Libertarianism Patients have their rights if they do not want to
comply to what physicians ask them to do.

To view the benefit or the consequence of

Utilitarianism
medical intervention to patients.