Bio-Telemetry

 The term telemetry is derived from the two Greek terms: “tele”
and “metron”, which mean “remote” and “measure”.

 In general, a physical variable or quantity under

measurement, whether local or remote, is called a measurand.

 Telemetry is a technology that allows the remote

measurement and reporting of information of interest to the
system designer or operator.

 Literally, biotelemetry is the measurement of biological

parameters over a distance.

1
 Elements of Telemetry

2
 Elements of Telemetry
1. Transducer or Sensor:
• Converts the physical variable to be telemetered into an
electrical quantity.
2. Signal Conditioner-1:
• Converts the electrical output of the transducer (or sensor)
into an electrical signal compatible with the transmitter.
3. Transmitter:
• Its purpose is to transmit the information signal coming
from the signal conditioner-1 using a suitable carrier signal to
the receiving end.

3
 Elements of Telemetry
 The transmitter may perform one or more of the following
functions:
 (i) Modulation: Modulation of a carrier signal by the
information signal.
 (ii) Amplification: As and if required for the purpose of
transmission.
 (iii) Signal Conversion: As and if required for the purpose of
transmission.
 (iv) Multiplexing: If more than one physical variables need to
be telemetered simultaneously from the same location, then
either frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) or time-division
multiplexing (TDM) is used.

4
 Elements of Telemetry
 Receiver: Its purpose is to receive the signal(s) coming from
the transmitter (located at the sending end of the telemetry
system) via the signal transmission medium and recover the
information from the same.

 It may perform one or more of the following functions:

1. Amplification
2. Demodulation:
3. Reverse Signal Conversion
4. De-multiplexing

5
 Elements of Telemetry
 Signal Conditioner-2: Processes the receiver output as
necessary to make it suitable to drive the given end device.
 End Device: The element is so called because it appears at the
end of the system.

 End device may be performing one of the following

functions:
1. Analog Indication:
2. Digital Display
3. Digital Storage
4. Data Processing
5. Closed-Loop Control

6
 Subsystems of Telemetry System
 (a) Measurement Subsystem:
 It comprises the transducer (or sensor), signal
conditioner and the end device, like any conventional
measurement system.
 (b) Communication Subsystem:
 It comprises the transmitter and receiver along with the
transmission medium linking the two, like any
communication system.

7
 Telemetry Classification Based on Transmission
Medium
1. Wire-Link Telemetry or Wire Telemetry
2. Radio Telemetry or Wireless Telemetry

8
 Wired Telemetry

9
 Elements of Wired Bio-Telemetry(Analog)

10
 Elements of Wired Bio-Telemetry(Digital)

11
 Elements of Wired Bio-Telemetry

12
 Elements of Wireless Bio-Telemetry
 A typical biotelemetry system comprises:
1. Sensors appropriate for the particular signals to be
monitored
2. Battery-powered, Patient worn transmitters
3. A Radio Antenna and Receiver
4. A display unit capable of concurrently presenting
information from multiple patients

• It is two types
1. Short-Range Radio Telemetry
2. Satellite-Radio Telemetry

13
 Elements of Basic Wireless Bio-Telemetry

14
 Elements of Wireless Bio-Telemetry

15
 Wireless Bio-telemetry Transmitter

16
 Wireless Bio-telemetry Receiver

17
 Elements of Wireless Bio-Telemetry

18
 Telemetry Classification Based on Modulation Method
DC Telemetry Systems
 1. Direct voltage telemetry system
 2. Direct current telemetry system

AC Telemetry Systems

 1. Amplitude modulation (AM) telemetry system
 2. Frequency modulation (FM) telemetry system
 Pulse Telemetry Systems
 1. Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) telemetry system
 2. Pulse width modulation (PWM) telemetry system
 3. Pulse phase modulation (PPM) telemetry system
 4. Pulse frequency modulation (PFM) telemetry system
 5. Pulse code modulation (PCM) telemetry system

19
 Direct Current Telemetry

20
 FM Radio Telemetry

21
 Single Channel PWM Telemetry

22
 Single Channel PCM Telemetry

23
 Portable Telemetry

24
 Portable Telemetry

25