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Neuron
“cells that receive and transmit
signals”
They are everywhere in our body
( except nails, hair, and blood)
Functions of Neuron
Receive
Process
Interpret
React
How does the function of nerve
cell keep the organism alive?
● Keeps all of our vital functions operating.
● The signals between the muscles and organs of the
body and the brain are what keep us alive.
How neurons carry messages ?
Important ions
● Sodium
● Potassium
5
Types of Nerve Cells
✘ Bipolar
○ have two processes extending
from the cell body
✘ Pseudounipolar
○ have 2 axons rather than an
axon and dendrite
✘ Multipolar neurons
○ have many processes that extend
from the cell body
○ Only one axon
Sensory neurons
(or afferent neurons)
Mitochondria
● Neurons demand lots supplies of
energy ( due to their extend
structure, Axon and Dendrites)
● Store calcium and signaling
molecules
✘ Effects
○ Making diseases affecting the
brain particularly crippling
Axon or nerve fibre
where electrical impulses travel to
other neurons.
22
Axon Hillock
○ contain some Nissl substance and ribosomes
○ funnel-shaped region
○ Connect soma with axon
Myelin sheath
○ made up of fatty substances and protein
○ allows impulses to transmit quickly
○ insulate individual axons
sending appropriate electrical signals
Node of ranvier
○ gap between myelin sheath
○ Speed up the transmission of nerve impulses
Schwann Cell
○ Produce myelin sheath
Presynaptic
Terminals
Synapse / neuronal junction
● the site of transmission of electrical impulses
○ between 2 neurons
○ between neuron and a gland or muscle cell
Neurotransmitters
(the body’s chemical messengers)
● transmit messages between neurons,
or from neurons to muscles
DENDRITES
● Extended structure from the soma
● receives and determine signals from other
neurons and transmits to soma
● contain many ribosomes, SER, Golgi
apparatus and cytoskeletal
○ there is a lot of protein synthesizing
activity during signal transmission
● can release neurotransmitters into the synapse
(Stuart et al., 2008)
28
Diseases that are related to the nerve cell
✘ MRI
○ can find plaques or scarring caused by MS
✘ Evoked potentials
○ show if you have a slowing of messages in the different
parts of the brain
✘ Cerebrospinal spinal fluid analysis
○ checks for cellular and chemical abnormalities
✘ Blood tests
○ rule out other causes for various neurological
symptoms
Treatment
“ no cure yet ”
can do things to help change the course of the disease
✘ Medicines
✘ Equipment such as canes, braces, or walkers
✘ Rehabilitation activities
31
Diseases that are related to the nerve cell
Multiple sclerosis
32
Diagnosis
★ Brain scans
○ Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
produce detailed 3-D or cross-sectional
images of your child's brain
○ Cranial ultrasound
high-frequency sound waves to obtain images
of the brain
★ Electroencephalogram (EEG)
records the electrical activity of a brain
Treatment
★ Pediatric neurologist
A doctor trained to diagnose and treat children with
brain and nervous system (neurological) disorders may be
involved in your child's care.
★ Physical therapist
A physical therapist may help your child improve
strength and walking skills, and stretch muscles.
34
References
Nerve Cell. (n.d.). Retrieve from
https://biology.tutorvista.com/cell/nerve-cell.html
Nerve Cells. (n.d.). Retrieve from
https://www.dkfindout.com/uk/human-body/brain-and-nerves/nerve-cells/
Nerve cell (neuron). (n.d.). Retrieve from
https://www.mayoclinic.org/nerve-cell-neuron/img-20007830
Khanacademymedicine. (2013). Introduction to neural cell types | Organ Systems | MCAT | Khan . Retrieve from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L82bDTBMGUU
SCooke. ( 2016). Why is the nervous system important?. Retrieve from
https://socratic.org/questions/why-is-the-nervous-system-important
การเรียนรู ้อย่างชาญฉลาดสาหรบั ทุกคน. (2015). Structure of a Neuron. Retrieve from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ta_vWUsrjho
Ka Xiong, C. (n.d.). Nerve Cell. Retrieve from
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Biology/nervecell.html
WHAT ARE SCHWANN CELLS. (n.d.). Retrieve from
https://www.themiamiproject.org/research/research-participation/what-are-schwann-cells/
Takamori, S. (2009). Synaptic Vesicles. Retrieve from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/synaptic-vesicle
Vesicles influence function of nerve cells. (n.d.). Retrieve from ……….
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141006174214.htm
What Is Your Nervous System?. (n.d.). Retrieve from
https://www.webmd.com/brain/what-is-nervous-system#2
Why can't neurons undergo cell division?. (n.d.). Retrieve from
https://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/21825/why-cant-neurons-undergo-cell-division
Why nerve cells can't reproduce?. (n.d.). Retrieve from
https://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=1710
Nervous System. (n.d.). Retrieve from
https://www.britannica.com/science/nervous-system/The-nerve-cell