BOL

Communications
Specialist
  Following An EMP, Telephones, Cell Phones, and the Internet
Will Be a Thing of the Past. Two Way Radios Will Be a Valuable
Communications Tool for a Few People. Learn How to Protect Your Two Way
Radios from the Effects of an EMP as well as a Communications
After an EMP "System" for Re-connecting with Loved Ones.
 Store Radios in a EMP proof container.
  Communications
 Walky Talky - Family service radios w/ rechargeable batteries/

Communication  HAM radio

s  AM FM radios
 Whistles
  Rechargeable batteries are a must for your radios.
 Have 3 sets of batteries for each radio.
 Do not allow the batteries to completely discharge. Change them
out before they are discharged.
 Do not allow any battery to remain in a discharged or near
discharged state.
Rechargeable  Use solar battery chargers to charge.
Batteries
  During the Zombie Apocalypse you will need to follow the news
and weather. Local radio will be important in letting you when the
Zombie Apocalypse is over.
 Get solar powered or one with a wind-up handle.

AM FM radios


  Whistles
 Whistles provide an excellent way for close up signaling. In some
documented cases, they have been heard up to 1.6 kilometers
away. Manufactured whistles have more range than a human
voice.
Whistles  Cheap and easy to use. Great for children!
 3 blows of a whistle …. Pause for 5 seconds and repeat is an
emergency signal.
 Every child should have a whistle on them at all times.
  The Family Radio Service (FRS) is a unlicensed walkie talkie radio system

FRS
 FRS radios are compact, handheld, wireless 2-way radios
 FRS radios provide very good clarity over a relatively short range

Family Radio  FRS is a license free radio service

Service

Garmin ICOM Midland Cobra Uniden Motorola

  Uses “channelized” frequencies in the ultra high
frequency (UHF) band. Operate on any of 14 dedicated
channels (1-14)
 Is quiet and clear because it uses frequency modulation
(FM) instead of amplitude modulation (AM).
FRS
 Has limited range (~0.5 mi) because
key features  They have a maximum allowable power of 1/2 watt, and
 They have a fixed small (poor) antenna

 Best for use at your BOL

Note: FRS Radio transceivers and their antennas may not be
modified to extend their range.
 1) Unlike with CB (citizens band), Ham radios, and most other 2-way
radios, there is no license required to use an FRS radio.
2) There are no fees for usage, airtime or per-call charges. (Aside
from the cost of batteries, they are virtually free to use.)

FRS radio
distinctions:
  The General Mobile Radio Service (GMRS) is a
licensed walkie talkie or base station radio system
 GMRS radios are typically handheld portable devices much
like FRS radios, and share some frequencies with FRS
GMRS  GMRS radios provide very good clarity over a slightly longer
range than FRS
General Mobile  GMRS is a licensed radio service ($85/5 years)
Radio Service  During the EOTWAWKI no one will be checking!
Note: A Ham radio license does not cover GMRS
frequencies

Motorola
  Uses “channelized” frequencies in the ultra high
frequency (UHF) band. Operate on any of 15 dedicated
channels (1-7, & 15-22)
 Is quiet and clear because it uses frequency modulation
(FM) instead of amplitude modulation (AM).
GMRS  Has slightly longer range (~1-2 mi) because
key features  HT’s have a typical power of 1-5W, but
 Still have a small antenna (sometimes removable)

 WARNNG: Do not transmit from this radio in or near your

BOL.
Note: GMRS Base stations can have power up to 50W (on channels
15-22) and may use an external, gain antenna.
  The Amateur Radio Service (HAM) is a licensed radio
service for many radio bands and many radio types
 CERT teams often use HAM radios that are handheld
portable devices call handy talkies (HT’s) on the 2M (VHF) or
440 (UHF) bands
 HT radios on these bands provide very good clarity over a
Radio Amateur much longer range than GMRS
- HAM  HAM radio is a licensed radio service that requires passing a
test.
 During the EOTWAWKI no one will be checking!
 WARNING: Do not use this radio in or near your BOL.
 FRS GMRS Ham

Comparison

~0.5 mi range* ~1-2 mi range* ~5 mi range* **

$15-$80 $30-$200 $100-$400
AA or AAA AA or NiMH AA or NiMH
No License FCC License FCC test &
License

* typical range in a city **much farther using repeaters

  These common radios provide access to both the FRS
and GMRS bands
 FRS channels (1-14) and
 GMRS channels (1-7 & 15-22).
Dual-Service
 GMRS channels requires an FCC operator’s license.
or Hybrid
Radios
 These radios may be used without a license, if …
FRS/GMRS/HAM  the “FRS only” channels (8-14) are used, or
 channels 1-7 are used on low power (<0.5 w)
  FRS are great radios for teams
 Radio communication within the team
 Radio comms with local command post
 BUT - most “blister pack” Radios sold today are dual
Teams & purpose (FRS/GMRS) and teams will most likely have
this type, so…
Radios  Assign & Practice with FRS only channels (8-14)
 Do not use the GMRS frequencies unless all (or key) team
members have a GMRS license or its the Zombie
Apocalypse.
 Ham radios (Baofeng UV-5R) (Buy on ebay)
 Are excellent for communications to monitor teams or
posts surrounding the BOL
 Can monitor all FRS/GMRS frequencies
 Can be set to scan all frequencies
 This can detect intruders radios comms too
HAM &  Excellent for monitoring multiple teams

FRS/GMRS  Can be used to communicate to the teams on FRS or

GMRS frequencies - but don’t! Use only the FRS/GMRS to
communicate.
 From the scan find the frequency and turn to that channel
on the FRS/GMRS.
 Ham radios (Baofeng UV-5R) (Buy on ebay)
 WARNING – Never transmit from the BOL or even
near the BOL with a HAM radio. It has a long range
and can be detected.

HAM &
FRS/GMRS
  License
 None

 Pros
 Simple Operation
 Inexpensive
 Plentiful
 No license required
FRS Summary  Shares frequencies with GMRS
 Limits range inside your BOL

 Cons
 Poor range in urban areas
 Interference from other FRS/GMRS users
 Not usually rugged or waterproof

 Uses
 Team Communications
 Staging Area Communications
  License
 $85 for 5-year FCC license
 Pros
 Simple Operation
 Inexpensive
 Plentiful
 Shares frequencies with GMRS
GMRS  Pro-grade radios available

Summary  License requires no test

 Cons
 Limited range in urban areas
 Interference from other FRS/GMRS users
 Uses
 Command/Field Team Communications
 Intra-Field Team Communications
 Staging Area/Logistics Communications
  License
 $14/Exam for 10 year FCC license

 Pros
 Quality construction
 Compatible with City systems
HAM 

Many frequencies & longer range
Powerful mobile & base station units available

Summary  Baofeng UV-5R and BF -888 are very inexpensive –

buy on ebay.com
(Amateur Radio  Cons
Service)  Complicated operation
 Exam required
 US models are expensive

 Uses
 As a command post monitoring all communications
around the BOL.
 Detect enemy communications
  The device(s) used to transmit signals must be tested on site
before beginning operations to ensure that the signal
transmission is effective, clear, and reliable.

Signals--Radio
  Preventing Noise - Best if the operator's
reception and transmissions of signals are by a
hands-free system.

Signals--radio
  When using a two-way radio you cannot
speak and listen at the same time, as you
can with a phone.
 Don't interrupt if you hear other people
Basic Radio talking. A completed conversation should
Etiquette end with “Over” or “Over and out”.
Rules  Wait until their conversation is finished
(OVER) unless it is an emergency.
 Do not respond if you aren't sure the call is
for you. Wait until you hear your call sign to
respond.
 General Terms Meaning

Radio Check What is my signal strenght? Can you hear me?

Go Ahead You are ready to receive transmission.

You acknowledge the other party, but I am unable to
Stand-by respond immediately.
Roger or Ten Four Message received and understood.
Negative Same as "No".
Same as "Yes". Avoid "yup" or "nope" as they are difficult
Affirmative to hear.
Say Again Re-transmit your message

Speaking The Over Your message is finished.

All conversation is finished, the channel is clear for others

Radio
Out to use.

Language
You are interrupting in the middle of communication
Break, Break, Break because you have an emergency.

Response to "Radio Check". Means your transmission

Read you loud & clear signal is good. Also use "Read you 5-by-5".

You are asking the other party to asknowlege they hear

Come in you.
Copy You understand what was said.
Wilco Means "I will comply".

Used before you repeat something. ex: "I require 9-5,

Repeat repeat 9-5, gallons of diesel fuel. Over"
Phonetic Alphabet and Numbers
A B C D E
ALFA BRAVO CHARLIE DELTA ECHO
(AL FAH) (BRAH VOH) (CHAR LEE) (DELL TAH) (ECK OH)
F G H I J
FOXTROT GOLF HOTEL INDIA JULIETT
(FOKS TROT) (GOLF) (HOH TELL) (IN DEE AH) (JEW LEE ETT)
K L M N O
KILO LIMA MIKE NOVEMBER OSCAR
(KEY LOH) (LEE MAH) (MIKE) (NO VEM BER) (OSS CAR)
P Q R S T
PAPA QUEBEC ROMEO SIERRA TANGO
(PAH PAH) (KEH BECK) (ROW ME OH) (SEE AIR RAH) (TANG GO)
U V W X Y
UNIFORM VICTOR WHISKEY XRAY YANKEE
(YOU NEE FORM) (VIK TAH) (WISS KEY) (ECKS RAY) (YANG KEY)
Z 1 2 3 4
ZULU WUN TOO TREE FOW ER
(ZOO LOO)
5 6 7 8 9
FIFE SIX SEV EN AIT NIN ER

0
ZE RO
  Prior to beginning operations all members must contact each
Radio Duress other and agree on the duress signal that will be used. Once the
signal is agreed upon, they need not meet again to discuss voice
Signal signals unless another person is added or substituted, there is
confusion about the voice signals, or a voice signal is to be
changed.
A word placed in
a conversation to
let others know
you are in
danger.
  For example, the duress word is “gold.”
 Every transmission must end with some random word. This way a
Radio Duress duress or random word must be expected.

Signal  For example, “I am headed to the creek to get water. (random word)
Zora, over.” Not in duress!
 For example, “I am headed to the creek to get water. (random word)
Gold, over.” In duress.
A word placed in  Failure to say a random word at the end of transmission – indicates

a conversation to you are under duress. For example, “I am headed to the creek to get
water. (No random word) Over and out.” In duress.
let others know  You can even put the duress word into a transmission
you are in  For example, “You are the gold standard my friend. Superman.
Over and out.” In duress.
danger.  Even with a random word this is still letting us know you are under
duress.
  Try to transmit only in clear, unobstructed terrain. Since radios are
To obtain line-of-sight communications devices, any terrain between the
radio and the receiver will block the signal.
maximum  Never let the antenna touch your clothing, body, foliage, or the
performance ground. Such contact greatly reduces the range of the signal.

from radios,  Conserve battery power. Turn the radio off when you are not using
it. Do not transmit or receive constantly.
use the  In cold weather, keep the battery inside your clothing when not
following using the radio. Cold quickly drains the battery's power. Do not
expose the battery to extreme heat such as desert sun. High heat
procedures: may cause the battery to explode. Try to keep the radio and
battery as dry as possible, as water may destroy the circuitry.
  Cheaper short range walky talkies (FRS) will work better for this
purpose.
 Additionally, in forested areas where your BOL should be – walky
talkie's will be limited in range by the forest.
 Before the EOTWAWKI happens - conduct a radio test at your BOL
by having someone transmit to verify that the FRS signal is not
Use Only Short leaving the local area. But is transmitting enough to
Range FRS communicate within the group. This is the FRS Zone indicated by
orange circle.
Radio’s inside
the BOL. Do not communicate between the 2 zones or outside the BOL with FRS
  Since all communications will be short range and land line radios
there will be no need for Com-Sec. within the BOL
 All with a short range FRS walkie talkie can communicate at will
within the BOL Zone.
 It will be virtually impossible for the BOL to be detected via radio
BOL Com-Sec waves. Unless someone gets inside the range zone of the FRS. Or
Communications someone transmits outside of the BOL Zone.

Security
Only FRS radios are used in observation posts (OP’s)
HAM radios are scanning for all communications
Ham radio antenna in a high tree

BOL
BOL communicates with
observation posts
by FRS

.
Sniper Team FRS ZONE
with landline
Radio.
  The 2 radios or walkie talkies must be VOX – voice activated.
 Both radios must have plug-in jacks for speaker and mic.
 Get the correct size of jack cord for the radios
 Both should have removable antennas.
 Caution: Make sure the radio is off before attaching any
accessories.
Setting Up the  Simply connect the mike jack to the speaker jack of the other
Landline Radio radio with a jack cord. This could mean a very long jack cord.

Radio
Radio
  Most Ham Radios will have a signal strength indicator. We can
measure distance based on signal strength. The weaker signal the
further away. The stronger the signal the closer.
 WARNING: The ham radio must never transmit while inside or
near the BOL.

Tracking a  The purpose of the Ham Radio is to detect other radio signals in
the area.
Radio Signal-
Radiolocation If the BOL comes
under attack the Ham
Radios can call for
help from posts and
patrols.
  Buy a radio with a removable antenna.
 Attached a larger antenna.
Increase Radio  Hold Your Radio High or have a high antenna.
Range  Use the highest ground you can find. Or
mount a radio antenna in a high location like a
tree top.
EMP’s and
Radios
FM 24-18
APPNDX J
 Frequency Analysis
 A frequency analysis of EMP reveals frequency radiation from the
extremely low frequency (ELF) bandto the super high frequency
(SHF) band. Most of the energy is concentrated in the high
frequency (HF)and very high frequency (VHF) ranges.
EMP’s and
 Susceptibility
Radios  Modern communications and electronics equipment are
FM 24-18 increasingly susceptible to EMP due to the
extensive use and application of microcircuits, semiconductors,
APPNDX J and transistor technology. These devices normally cannot handle
the voltage and current surges that result from EMP coupling.
System, component, or subcomponent susceptibility can also be
related to size and level of power handling capability. Normally,
the smaller the individual component, the lower its power
handling capability and, consequently, the greater its
susceptibility.
  EMP Protective Measures
EMP’s and  Communications and electronics equipment in the inventory
Radios today has generally not been designed to
withstand the effects of EMP and remain operational. To enhance
FM 24-18 its survivability and permit mission
accomplishment, measures must be taken to reduce the
APPNDX J vulnerability of communications equipment to
EMP.
 

EMP’s and
Radios
FM 24-18
APPNDX J  All equipment not absolutely required in primary systems should
remain disconnected and stored within a sealed shelter or other
shielded enclosure for protection from the EMP. This measure will
reduce the likelihood of all equipment being simultaneously
damaged by EMP and will provide for backup components to
reinstall affected systems.
  Multilateration is using 2 or more radios whose location is known
to find the position of an unknown transmission.
 Wrap 5 layers of aluminum foil on 3 sides of the radio antenna.
Aluminum foil blocks radio waves. Even better a copper pipe
Tracking a could be cut with a small opening on one side and slipped over the
Radio Signal- radio antenna. While the unknowns are transmitting, rotate the
antenna’s bare spot to find the direction of the signal.
Radiolocation  You can also buy directional antenna’s or build your own.
 After you determine the signals location keep tracking the signal
to see what direction they are moving in. There may be no need to
contact or confront them.
 Are we there yet
Sniper Team 2 BOL
Signal Direction Radio chatter. We
are having
hamburgers
tonight
Path of travel will not contact the BOL
There is no need to confront.

Radio chatter. Doctor daddy Overserved: 2

and nurse mommy adults wearing red
Sniper Team 1 cross backpacks
Starting Signal Location. Signal direction. and 2 children
 Booby traps and minefield Move sniper teams Observation- 50
people armed
with illegal
machineguns
Maintain radio silence and noise
discipline as they
enter the FRS Zone

Chatter-
Likely place for a river crossing
starving,
sick, leave
her behind,
bloods, slap
Starting Signal Location.
her again,
gangbanger
 Move sniper teams

Observation-
Booby traps and minefield 150 people
armed with
illegal
Evacuate BOL
machineguns

Chatter-
Evacuate via river crossing
starving,
sick, leave
her behind,
bloods, slap
Starting Signal Location.
her again,
gangbanger