ARTISTIC MOVEMENTS

FROM THE INDUSTRIAL

REVOLUTION TO WORLD
WAR 1
MODERN ART – DEFINED AS WORKS CREATED
SOME TIME BETWEEN 1870 – 1970.
• MOVEMENTS IN EARLY AND PREWAR MODERN
ART
MODERN ART INVOLVED NUMEROUS ARTISTIC
MOVEMENTS. ESSENTIALLY, ART MOVEMENTS
ARE THE COLLECTIVE TITLES ASSIGNED TO WORKS
OF ART THAT BELONG TO A CERTAIN PERIOD OF
TIME AND EMPLOY SIMILAR STYLES OR
TECHNIQUES AND GUIDED BY SHARED IDEALS.
 REALISM (1840S-1880S)
• RECOGNIZED AS THE FIRST MOVEMENT IN MODERN
ART, WHICH STATED IN FRANCE IN THE 1940S. IT
AIMED AT THE PRECISE REPRESENTATION OF HUMAN
CONDITIONS, PERSPECTIVE AND DISTANCE, AND
DETAILED EFFECTS OF COLOR. REALISTS ALSO USED
SOURCE LIGHTING TO RECREATE THE NATURAL
LIGHTING OF A SCENE.
 IMPRESSIONISM ( 1870 – 1892 )
• IMPRESSIONISM DEVELOP IN PARIS, FRANCE IN THE
LATE 1860S AND EARLY 1870S. THE INFLUENCE OF
THIS ARTISTIC MOVEMENT SPREAD ALL OVER EUROPE
AND EVENTUALLY REACHING THE UNITED STATES. THE
TERM IMPRESSIONISM WAS FIRST USED BY ART
CRITIC LOUIS LEROY WHEN HE VISITED THE
PIONEERING EXHIBITION OF IMPRESSIONIST
PAINTINGS IN 1874.
• OVERALL, THE IMPRESSIONIST PAINTERS PRIORITIZED THE
FOLLOWING:

- USING COLOR AND LIGHT TO UNIFY IMAGES.

- USING PURE, INTENSE COLORS ON THE CANVAS, INSTEAD OF
MIXING THE COLORS ON THE PALETTE FIRST.
- USING SMALL BRUSHSTROKES AND DABS OF PAINT.
- ABANDONING TRADITIONAL LINEAR PERSPECTIVES.
- AVOIDING CLARITY OF FORM, SOMETIMES IMPRESSIONIST
PAINTINGS LOOK UNDEFINED AND A BIT FUZZY.
- MOVING FROM THE STUDIO TO THE COUNTRYSIDE OR STREETS.
 POSTIMPRESSIONISM (1880S – 1940)
• THE NAME POSTIMPRESSIONISM WAS COINED
BY ART CRITIC ROGER FRY REFERRING WORKS BY
PAINTERS . POSTIMPRESSIONISM WAS IN A WAY
AN EXTENSION OF THE IMPRESSIONISM
MOVEMENT AND ALSO AN ABANDONMENT OF
THAT ARTISTIC MOVEMENT’S LIMITATIONS.
 FAUVISM (1899 – 1908)
• A HIGHLY FASHIONABLE ARTISTIC MOVEMENT,
SUCCEEDED THE PAINTINGS OF VAN GOGH,
GAUGIN, AND OTHER POSTIMPRESSIONIST
ARTIST. ACTUALLY KNOWN FOR THEIR
AGGRESSIVE USE OF PURE, BRILLIANT COLORS
BOLDLY APPLIED STRAIGHT FROM PAINT TUBES.
 ART NOUVEAU (1890 – 1905)
• ART NOUVEAU THRIVED THROUGHOUT EUROPE AND THE
UNITED STATES FROM 1890 UNTIL BEFORE WORLD WAR I. IT
WAS ALSO EXTREMELY SUCCESSFUL IN OTHER PARTS OF THE
WORLD.
• THIS ARTISTIC MOVEMENT WAS EMBRACED BY PAINTERS,
ARCHITECTS, AND SCULPTORS. THE ART NOUVEAU STYLE
WAS NOT ONLY APPLIED IN THE FINE ART, BUT IT ALSO
FOUND ITS WAY IN THE INTERIOR DESIGN AND THE
DECORATIVE ARTS SUCH AS TEXTILE, FURNITURE, JEWELRY,
LIGHTING AND HOUSEHOLD UTENSIL.
HERE ARE SOME OF THE CHARACTERISTICS
OF ART NOUVEAU:
• IT AIMED AT MAKING BEAUTIFUL THINGS ACCESSIBLE TO A WIDER PUBLIC
BY APPLYING ARITISTIC DESIGNS TO EVERYDAY OBJECTS.
• THERE IS NO HIERARCHY BETWEEN FINE ARTS AND DECORATIVE ARTS.
• ART NOUVEAU ARTISTS WERE INSPIRED BY BOTHE GEOMETRIC AND
ORGANIC FORMS AND PREFERRED SOPHISTICATED DESIGNS THAT UNITED
ANGULAR AND FLOWING FORMS.
• THEY WERE AFTER GOOD CRAFTSMANSHIP, REVIVING AND ELEVATING THE
STATUS OF CRAFT, AND MAKING MODERN DESIGNS.
• THEY BELIEVED THAT THE FUNCTION OF AN OBJECT DICTATES ITS FORM,
NOT THE OTHER WAY AROUND.
 EXPRESSIONISM (1905 – 1933)
EXPRESSIONISM ORIGINATED IN GERMANY BEFORE WORLD
WAR I AS A RESPONSE TO THE MORE PASSIVE STYLES AND
TECHNIQUES OF IMPRESSIONISM. EXPRESSIONIST ARTISTS
SOUGHT NOT TO RECORD THEIR OBSERVATION OF THE
OBJECTIVE REALITY, BUT TO INTERPRET THE EMOTIONS AND
SUBJECTIVE RESPONSES AROUSED WITHIN A PERSON. THE
CONCERN OF EXPRESSIONIST WAS IN THE EXPRESSION OF
THEIR FEELINGS ABOUT THE PEOPLE, OBJECTS, OR EVENTS
THAT THEY SAW.
 CUBISM ( 1902 – 1922)
• CUBISM IS DESCRIBES THE REVOLUTIONARY STYLE OF
PAINTING PIONEERED BY GEORGES BRAQUE , AND
PABLO PICASSO IN PARIS, FRANCE.
• THE METHODS OF CUBISM WERE INITIALLY
INFLUENCED BY THE ANGULAR FORMS IN THE
LANDSCAPE PAINTINGS. IT BASICALLY REDEFINED THE
NATURE OF ART AND ITS POSSIBILITIES AND SIGNALED
COMPLETELY NOVEL WAYS OF PORTRAYING REALITY.
CUBISM IS USALLY CLASSIFIED INTO TWO
STAGES:
• ANALYTIC CUBISM – THEY ANALIZED AND
FRAGMENTED FORMS INSTEAD OF JUST
COPYING THESE FORMS.
• SYNTHETIC CUBISM – ARTISTS BEGAN USING
FOREIGN MATERIALS SUCH AS NEWS PAPER AND
CHAIR CANING AS ABSTRACT SIGNS.
 FUTURISM ( 1909 – 1920S)
• FUTURISM WAS AN AVANT – GARDE ARTISTIC
MOVEMENT THAT STARTED IN ITALY. FUTURISM
PHILOSOPHY BEGAN IN LITERATURE AND
SPREAD TO OTHER TYPES OF ART SUCH AS
SCULPTURE, ARCHITECTURE, INDUSTRIAL
DESIGN, MUSIC, AND CINEMA. MOST OF THE
ADVOCATES OF FUTURISM WERE PAINTERS.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!
PRO DEO ET PATRIA!