GROUP 1

CORTEZ, GRACIE DAN V.

THE MEANING AND RELEVANCE ESCUETA, SEAN DERRICK

OF PHILIPPINE HISTORY EVANGELISTA, ALDEN B.

RAMBUYON, CHRISTIAN
• Greek: ‘historia’
• History – a chronological record of significant
events
- a branch of knowledge that records
and explain events
• Historians
- Goal: reconstruction of the total past of
mankind
- It is a goal that is unattainable

HISTORY
Facts of History
• Representative of something or mere symbolism only
• Illusory or based upon personal considerations
• Possibility if being untrue or biased

Sources of History
• What makes a good source of history?
- Artifacts, relics, ruins, parchments, coins survived from the past
• Are these enough to reconstruct the historical truth?
Limited Historical
Knowledge
“only a part of what was observed in the past
was remembered by those who observed it
as a part of what was remembered was
recorded only a part of what was recorded
has survived, only a part of what has revived
has come to historians’ attention; and only a
part of which credible has been grasped;
and only a part what has been grasped can
be expounded, narrated by the historian”

- Louis Gottschalk
Subjective Process of Recreation
• History is the version told to you by your teacher the way
your teacher understood
• History is the story of victors and winners
• Historians are not perfect and not always accurate
• The historian tries to get as close as possible approximation
to the truth about the past
The Method
• Historical Method
- The process of critically examining
and analyzing the records and
survivals.

• Histography
- The imaginative reconstruction of
the past available data

• THE TASK IS DIRECTED TOWARS THE RE-

CREATION NOT CREATION OF HISTORY
 The selection of a subject for
investigation
The collection of probable sources
The of information on that subject
Method The examination of those sources
for genuineness
The extraction of credible
particular sources proven genuine
• Written and Unwritten Sources
- Unwritten Sources – anything that is not on
print
1. Material - archeological evidence
2. Oral – tales of ancient people
- Written Sources – anything that is in print
• There are 2 classes of historical sources
1. Primary Source
2. Secondary Source

Historical Sources
Primary Source
• Contemporary accounts of an event, personal written or
narrated by the person who has directly experienced or
participated in the said event
• Aside from testimonies, eyewitnesses, primary sources
include documents or objects created in the time of the
event
• Accounts that are considered original documents: diaries,
letters, memoirs, journals, speeches, oral testimonies,
manuscripts, interviews, official records, etc.
Secondary Source
• They serve as interpretations of primary sources
• It is the testimony of anyone who is not eyewitness
• Usually it contains the personal insights and interpretations
of the author.
• Usually contains digestion of primary sources by experts,
academic and professionals.
• In the form of published works, academic journals, articles,
reviews etc.
• They can also be based on interpretation of other
secondary sources or a combination of primary source
data and secondary source data
Secondary Source
• At the present times, most of the sources of historical
records are under this category such there is a great
tendency that the original substance of the historical
record is compromised.

• PRIMARY VS SECONDARY
- Which of the two types are important?
1. How does the author know the given details?
Is the author present at the event or how soon
is the author on the scene of the event?
2. Where did the information came from? Is it a
personal experience, an eyewitness account,
or report made by another person?
3. Are the author’s conclusions based on a single
piece of evidence, or many sources have
been taken into account?

Evaluation of Sources