QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

DESIGN
 DESIGN
A word which means a plan or something that is
conceptualized by the mind.
A design in the field of research serves as a blueprint or
skeletal framework of your research study. It requires you
to finalize your mind on the purpose, philosophical basis
and types of data of your research, including your
method of collecting, analysing and interpreting and
presenting the data. It is a plan that directs your mind to
several stages or your research work (De Mey, 2013).
 TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
DESIGN
CASE STUDY
To do this research design is to describe a person, a
thing, or any creature on Earth for the purpose of
explaining the reason behind the nature of its
existence.
Your aim here is to determine why such creature
(person, organization, thing or event) acts, behaves,
occurs or exists in a particular manner.
Usually, a case study centers on an individual or single
subject matter.
Your methods of collecting data for this
qualitative research design are interview,
observation, and questionnaire.
One advantage of case study is its capacity to
deal with a lot of factors to determine the
unique characteristics of the entity. (Meng
2012; Yin, 2012)
 Ethnography

 Involves a study of certain cultural group or organization in

which you, to obtain knowledge about the characteristics ,
organizational set-up, and relationships of the group
members, must necessarily involve you in their group
activities.
 It is a special kind of case study but different in that, the
researcher participates in the activities of the group.
 It requires your participation in the members’ activities while
a case study treats you, the researcher, as an outsider
whose role is just to observe the group.
Realizing this kind of qualitative research
design is living with the subjects with the
subject in several months; hence, this is usually
done by anthropologists whose interests
basically lie in cultural studies. (Winn, 2014)
 Historical Study

A research design that tells you the right research

methods to determine the reasons for changes or
permanence of things in the physical world in a
certain period (i.e. years, decades or centuries)
What is referred to in the study as time changes is not
a time shorter than a year but a period indicating a
big number of years.
Historical study differs from other research design
because of this one element that is peculiar to it, its
scope.
The scope of a historical study refers to the number
of years covered, the kind of events focused on,
and the extent of new knowledge or discoveries
resulting from the historical study.
 A Five-year study of the Impact of the K-12
Curriculum on the Philippine Employment System
The Rise and Fall of the Twenty-five reign of Former
Philippine President, Ferdinand E. Marcos
Filipino-Student Activism from the Spanish Era to the
Contemporary Period
Telephones from the Nuclear Era to the Digital Age
 The data collecting technique for a study following a
historical research design are biography and
autobiography reading, documentary analysis and
chronicling activities.
 Chronicling activities, makes you interview people to
trace series of events in the lives of the people in a span
of time.
 One drawback of historical study is the absence or loss of
complete or well-kept old that may hinder the
completion of the study.
Phenomenology

This research design makes you follow a

research method that will let you understand
the ways of how people go through inevitable
events in their lives. You are prone to extending
time in listening to people’s recount of their
significant experiences to be able to get a
clue or pattern of their techniques in coming to
terms with the positive or negative result of
their life experiences
SAMPLING
 SAMPLING
Refers to your method or process of
selecting respondents or people to
answer questions meant to yield data
for a research study. The chosen one
constitutes the sample through you will
derive facts and evidence to support
the claims or conclusions propounded
by your research problem.
The bigger group from where you
choose the sample from is called
population and sampling frame is
the term used to mean the list of the
members of such population from
where you will get the sample.
Probability or Unbiased Sampling

Involves all members listed in a

sampling frame representing a
certain population focused on by
your study. An equal chance of
participation in the sampling or
selection process is given to every
member listed in the sampling
frame.
By means of this you are able to
obtain a sample that is capable of
representing the population under
the study or of showing strong
similarities in characteristics of the
members of the population.
Sampling Error

A sampling error crops up if the selection

does not take place in the way it is
planned. Such sampling error is
manifested by strong dissimilarity
between the sample and the ones listed
in the sampling frame.
Types of Probability
Sampling
Simple Random Sampling

Using a pure-chance selection, you

assure every member the same
opportunity to be in the sample. Here,
the only basis for including or excluding a
member is by chance or opportunity, not
by any occurrence accounted for by
cause-effect relationships.
Simple Random Sampling
Systematic Sampling
Stratified Sampling
Cluster Sampling
Non-probability Sampling

Disregards random selection of subjects.

The subjects are chosen based on the
availability or the purpose of the study,
and in some cases the sole discretion of
the researcher. This is not a scientific way
of selecting respondents. Neither does it
offer a valid or objective way of
detecting sampling errors (Edmund 2013)
Quota Sampling
Voluntary Sampling
Purposive or Judgemental Sampling
Availability Sampling
Snowball Sampling
Data Collection Methods
Observation

 A technique of gathering