INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC

MUSCLES OF THE HAND

Cut bueleun maulida

Mentor :
DR.dr. Adrian Khu, Sp. OT, FICS, AIFO-K

Kepaniteraan Klinik Senior (KKS) Bagian Ilmu Bedah Orthopaedi

Fakultas Kedokteran Prima Indonesia
Rumah Sakit Royal Prima
Medan
2019
TYPES OF MUSCLE

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 Anatomy of hand

Note : Muscles acting on the hand can be divided into two groups: extrinsic and intrinsic muscles
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The intrinsic muscles of the hand are located within the hand
itself. They are responsible for the fine motor functions of the
hand

The intrinsic muscle groups are the thenar (thumb) and hypothenar (little
finger) muscles; the interossei muscles (four dorsally and three volarly)
originating between the metacarpal bones; and the lumbrical muscles
arising from the deep flexor (and are special because they have no bony
origin) to insert on the dorsal extensor hood mechanism. Palmaris brevis
which is a superficial muscle and adductor pollicis are also intrinsic muscles

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 THENAR
The thenar muscle group is found at the base of the thumb, forming the
muscle bulk on the thumb side of the hand. It is comprised of three muscles:
the abductor pollicis brevis, the flexor pollicis brevis, and the opponens
pollicis.

The abductor pollicis brevis pulls the

thumb away from the index
finger, and
the flexor pollicis brevis bends the
thumb toward the small finger.
The opponens pollicis performs one of
the most important functions of
the human hand: the ability to
bring the thumb away from the
fingers so that we can grasp
objects. It helps pull the thumb
away from the index finger, while
rotating it, so that the tip of the
thumb is opposite, or “opposes,”
the tips of the other fingers
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 HYPOTHENAR
The hypothenar muscle group is formed by three muscles: the abductor digiti minimi, the
flexor digiti minimi, and the opponens digiti minimi. They form the muscle bulk on the small
finger side of the hand. The abductor allows the small finger to pull away from the ring finger.
The flexor allows the small finger to bend at the MCP joint. The opponens allows us to cup our
hands, bringing the small finger towards the thumb.

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 LUMBRICALS
The main role of the lumbrical muscles is to allow the fingers to
straighten, they can also help bend the MCP joints. These are four
lumbricals in the hand, each associated with a finger. They are very
crucial to finger movement, linking the extensor tendons to the flexor
tendons.

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 Interossei (dorsal and palmar)
The interossei muscles begin between the bones of the hand. There are
four dorsal and three palmar interossei muscles. While all interossei
bend the MCP joints, the dorsal interossei allow us to spread our fingers
away from each other. The palmar interossei pull our fingers together.

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EXTRINSIC MUSCLES

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 “
▸ Located in the back of the forearm and have long tendons
connecting them to bones in the hand, where they exert their
action. Extrinsic denotes their location outside the hand.
Extensor denotes their action which is to extend or open flat,
joints in the hand.

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 OTOT-OTOT EKSTENSOR

Kompartemen I
1. m.abduktor pollicis longus Radius/ulna Proximal polles Abduksi dan ekstensi polles
posterior

1. m.ekstensor pollicis brevis Radius posterior Proximal polles Ekstensi polles (MCP)

Kompartemen II
1. m.ekstensor carpi radialis longus Condylus lateral Basis MC II Ekstensi pergelangan tangan

1. m.ekstensor carpi radialis brevis Condyles medial Basis MC III Ekstensi pergelangan tangan

Kompartemen III
1. m.ekstensor pollicis longus Ulna posterior Polles distal Ekstensi polles (IP)

Kompartemen IV
1. m.ekstensor digitorum communis Epicondylus lateral MCP, phalanges Ekstensi jari

1. m.ekstensor indicis Ulna posterior MCP, phalanx Ekstensi indicis

indicis

Kompartemen V
1. m.ekstensor digiti minimi Epicondylus MCP V, phalanx V Ekstensi digiti minimi
lateral

Kompartemen VI
1. m.ekstensor carpi ulnaris Epicondyl Basis MC V Ekstensi pergelangan tangan
us lateral

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What are the diseases of the muscles ?

▸ Hand and fingers disorder include : ganglia,

deformities,
▸ Disorders related to nerves or blood vessels :
osteoarthritis, trigger fingers, Kienbock
disease and infections.

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Thanks!

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