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Verbs/noun/adjective/adverb

• Costs • Excellent
• To calculate • Better
• Bookkeeper • To provide
• To predict • Debts
• to pay • To affect
• Payment • Consideration
• Income • To consider
• good
 Glossary
• Verbs – kata kerja
• Nouns – kata benda
• Adjective – kata sifat
• Adverb – kata keterangan (tempat, waktu)
• Subject – Subjek (He, she, it, they, we, you)
• Object – objek
• Consonant – huruf konsonan
• Vowel – huruf vokal (a, i, u, e, o)
• To be (kata kerja bantu) – is/am/are, do/does
 Simple present tense

To describe HABIT or REPEATED ACTION

To express GENERAL TRUTH or FACT

Digunakan untuk menjelaskan atau mengungkapkan

peristiwa, kegiatan atau kenyataan umum (general truth)
dan kebiasaan (habit).
 Pola kalimat Verba:
kalimat yang menggunakan kata kerja.

(+) Subject + VERB 1 (es/s) + Object + Complement

• The farmers harvest rice three times a year
• The sun rises from the east
• He usually sits at the same desk in class every day

(-) Subject + do/does + not + VERB 1 + Object

• The farmers do not harvest rice three times a year

(?) Do/does + Subject + VERB 1 + Object

• Do the farmers harvest rice three times a year?
• JIKA SUBJEKNYA TUNGGAL (SINGULAR NOUN)
HE/SHE/IT/
MAKA….
 Penambahan -s

1. terdapat penambahan ‘s’ pada hampir seluruh kata kerja.

A tiger eats meat.
She speaks three languages

2. Jika kata kerja berakhikan dengan huruf vokal + -y maka

terdapat penambahan –s di akhir kata.
Pay – pays
Buy – buys
 Penambahan -es
1. Jika diakhiri dengan –ch, -sh, -s, -x, dan –z maka pada
akhir kata kerja ditambahkan –es.
Catch – catches
Wash – wash__
Fix – fix__
Buzz – buzz__

2. Penambahan –es pada go dan do menjadi goes dan does

3. Jika kata kerja diakhiri perpaduan huruf konsonan + huruf

‘y’ maka huruf ‘y’ diganti menjadi ‘i’ terlebih dahulu
sebelum ditambahkan dengan ‘-es’
– Cry -> cri -> cries
– Fly -> fli -> flies
– Study -> studi -> studies
 • Exercise

I (go/goes) to work everyday

We (have/has) English Business class every Wednesday
The professor (gives/give) a lecture every Monday
A skilled worker (get/gets) higher pay
Many forces (affect/affects) prices in the market
system
 Pola kalimat Nomina
kalimat yang tidak memiliki kata kerja utama(verb)
dan umumnya menggunakan kata benda, kata keterangan dan kata sifat

(+) Subject + to be (is, am, are) + Complement

– Job opportunities are open to everyone
– Vocational training is crucial in helping unskilled workers

(-) Subject + to be (is, am, are) + not + complement

– Job opportunities are not open to everyone

(?) Is/am/are + Subject + complement

Are job opportunities open to everyone ?
 Exercise
Put the correct to be!
• Now there ____ various vocational schools offering
courses.
• When students finish their courses from such
institutions, jobs ___ available for them.
• Their future may not be very bright, but it ___ not
bleak either
 PRESENT PROGRESIVE/CONTINUOUS TENSE

kalimat yang digunakan untuk mengungkapkan

suatu peristiwa atau kegiatan yang sedang
berlangsung saat kita berbicara.
 Present progressive
(+) Subject + to be + VERB + ing + Complement
• I am working now
• She is studying now

(-) Subject + to be + not + VERB + ing + Complement

• I am not working now
• She is studying now

(?) To be + subject + verb + ing + Complement

• Am I working now?
• Is she studying now?
 Exercise

• Choose 3 verbs and 1 adjective.

• Make positive sentence, negative sentence and
yes/no question.