Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
• Introduction
• Theory
• Calculation
• Conclusion
• References
1
Introduction
• There are two common types of three horizontal separators are
free-water knockout and three-phase separator
• Most theory and calculation are based on the two-phase
separator design
• Drag force, constant terminal velocity and level controller are
include in this design.
2
Theory
3
Process Pressure control valve
Inlet diverter
Mist extractor Gas out
Weir
Inlet Gravity setting section
s
Oil & emulsion LCC
Downcomer LCC
Water-washing Water
Oil pad
Water out Oil out
Inlet diverter
Gas out
Water
5
Three-phase separator (Bucket and weir design)
Pressure control valve
Water
𝐹𝑑
The settling terminal velocity, u, is reached when
𝜌, 𝛾, 𝜇
𝐹𝑑 = 𝐹𝑔 .
𝐹𝑔
𝐹𝑑
OR
𝜌, 𝛾, 𝜇
𝐹𝑔 8
Where:
Drag Force
9
Oil pad
Gravity settling section
Oil pad
Water oil
Water interface
In operation, Oil pad thickness is much greater than the water thickness
1.28 × 10−3 𝑡0 ∆𝛾 𝑑𝑚
2
𝐻𝑜,𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝜇𝑜
Oil
pad
𝐻𝑜
11
Water
12
Retention Time
• Laboratory test
• From field experience, the following liquid retention times
have been suggested by Sivalls (s1977)
13
Water droplet settling constraint
Dmax
𝐴𝑜,
A
𝐴𝑤,
Aw 0.5Q w t w
=
A Qoto + Qwtw
to determine the maximum vessel diameter associated with the maximum oil
pad height according to Eq
Ho,max
Dmax =
Hoൗ
D
14
Gas Capacity constraint
• Same with two-phase separator
1Τ
Qg TZ ρg cd 2
DL = 422 P ρo −ρg dm
15
Retention time constraint
Assume ½ of the separator volume, like 2-phase
2
π D
Vl = 0.5 L
4 12
toQo
V0 =
24 × 60
twQw Vo, t o
Vw =
24 × 60 Vl Vw,t o
Vl =V0 +Vw
D2 L = 1.429(Q o t o + Q w t w )
16
Three-phase separator level control
LAHH
LAH
IAHH
IAH NLL
NIL LAL
IAL
LALL
IALL
“Level instruments”
18
Calculation
19
Procedure for determining the diameter and length for 3-phase
separator
20
8)
If gas capacity governs the If liquid retention time governs
design the design
𝐷 4
𝐿𝑠 = 𝐿 + 𝐿𝑠 = 𝐿𝑜
12 3
21
Example
Given: Gas production rate : 8MMSCFD
Oil production rate : 8000 BPD
Water production rate : 3000 BPD
Gas-oil ratio : 1000 SCF/bbl
Oil viscosity : 20cp
Oil specific gravity : 0.89
Water specific gravity : 1.04
Gas specific gravity : 0.65
Gas compressibility : 0.89
Operating pressure: 250 psia
Operating temperature : 95 ℉
Oil retention time : 15 min
Water retention time : 10 min
To find :
Diameter and seam to seam length : ?
Actual gas and liquid capacity :? 22
Solution :
Aw 0.5Qw tw
1) =
A Qo to +Qw tw
Aw 0.5× 3000×10
= = 0.1
A 8000×15 + 3000×10
Ho
2) From fig (1) = 0.338
D
1.28×10−3 to γo −γo d2m
3) Ho,max =
μo
1.28×10−3 ×15× 0.89−1.04 500 2
=
20
= 36 in
23
Aw/A
24
Ho,max 36
4) Dmax = Ho = 0.338 = 106.5 in
ൗD
This is the max: allowable vessel diameter.
10) Normally, smaller D and longer L is less expensive than the longer D and
shorter L separator.
70.00
SR
60.00
Ls = 4/3L (ft)
50.00
L (ft)
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00 26
0.00
60 70 80 Diameter 90 100 110
Actual gas constraint : Q g
D
Ls = Lg +
12
D
Lg = Ls −
12
96
Lg = 31 − 13 = 23 ft
1ൗ
Q g TZ ρg cd 2
DL = 422
P ρo − ρg dm
1ൗ
P ρo − ρg dm 2
Q g = 0.00237Lg D ( )
TZ ρg cd
1ൗ
550 55.54 − 0.888 100 2
Q g = 0.00237 × 23 × 96
555 × 0.89 0.888 0.65
Q g = 257.72 MMSCFD
27
This is much larger than the gas production rate of 8MMSCFD
Actual liquid constraint : Q o
4
Ls = Lo
3
3 3
Lo = Ls = × 31 = 23.25 ft
4 4
D2 L = 1.429(Q o t o + Q w t w )
D2 L
− Qwtw
Qo = 1.429
to
2
96 × 23.25
− 3000 × 10
Qo = 1.429 = 7996.36 BPD
15
28
Summary of the problem
8 MMSCFD
8000 BPD
3000 BPD
275.72 MMSCFD
96 in 23 ft
7996.36 BPD
3000 BPD
29
31 ft
Conclusion
• The equation developed for separation of liquid droplets from
the gas phase, which determined the gas capacity constraint,
are exactly the same for three-phase separators.
• Retention time constraint doesn’t same with water and oil
30
Assignment 4
Given: Gas production rate : 9MMSCFD
Oil production rate : 9000 BPD
Water production rate : 4000 BPD
Gas-oil ratio : 1000 SCF/bbl
Oil viscosity : 20cp
Oil specific gravity : 0.89
Water specific gravity : 1.04
Gas specific gravity : 0.75
Gas compressibility : 0.8
Operating pressure: : 250 psia
Operating temperature : 95 ℉
Oil retention time : 15 min
Water retention time : 10 min
To find :
Diameter and seam to seam length :?
Actual gas and liquid capacity :? 31