Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
“ Health is a state of
complete physical,
mental and social
wellbeing and not
merely an absence of
disease or infirmity”.
Reliable
Answers should be same if measured by
different people in similar circumstances.
Sensitive
They should be sensitive to changes in the
situation concerned.
Characteristics of Ideal Indicators
Specific
They should reflect changes only in the situation
concerned.
Feasible
They should have ability to obtain data needed.
Relevant
They should contribute to the understanding of the
phenomenon of interest.
Classification of Health Indicators
1. Mortality Indicators
2. Morbidity Indicators
3. Disability Rates
4. Nutritional Status
5. Health Care Delivery
6. Utilization Rates
7. Environmental
8. Socio-Economic
9. Health Policy
Mortality Indicators
Examples
B. Notification Rates
C. Hospital Attendance
Rates
D. Duration of Stay in
Hospital
Disability Rates
Based on the notion that
health implies a full
range of daily activities.
Classification of Disability
Indicators
1. Event Type Indicators
A. No. of days of restricted activity
B. Bed Disability Days
2. Heights
Closest to people.
BHU, Clinics
Secondary Health Care
More Complex problems
are dealt with.
THQ, DHQ
Tertiary Health Care
• Offers super-specialist
care.
• Teaching hospitals.
Concept of Disease
Definition
“A condition in which
body health is impaired
or a departure from a
state of health.”
What is difference between
Disease, Illness and Sickness??
Disease
“Physiological
or
Psychological
dysfunction is called
Disease.”
Illness
A subjective state of
person who feels aware
of not being well.
Sickness
“State of social
dysfunction i.e., a role
that a individual
assumes when ill.”
Concept of Causation
Germ Theory
Single Agent enters
the body to cause
disease.
Epidemiological Triad
Agent
Host
Environment
Contribute to cause a
disease.
Multiple Causation
1.Genetic
2.Environmental
Stress
Obesity
Tobacco
Age
Salt
Alcohol
Natural History of Disease
Pre-Pathogenesis ( Before human is
involved )
Disease agent has not
yet entered the man but
the factors which favour
the interaction with
human host are already
existing in the
environment.
Epidemiological Triad
Pathogenesis (Agent in the human
host)
Begins with entry of
disease agent in the
host.
Recovery
Disability
Death
Natural History of Disease
Home Work
1. Memorize definitions of
health and disease.
3. Memorize diagram of
Natural History of
Disease.
Thank You