EVOLUTION OF THE PNP

During the Revolutionary Government.

• Our police were psuedo-military, since they were

members or regular army who were recruited or
detached from military to perform police functions.

• They served the Revolutionary Government

• They abruptly end due to hostilities between

Americans and Filipinos
During American Occupation

 The capture of Gen Emilio Aguinaldo, President of 1 st

Philippine Republic, in March 23,1901 starts the American
occupation in the Philippines

 July 04, 1901 ,the US Congress enacted a law known as 1 st

Phil. Commission that paved the way the establishment
of civil government

 William H Taft

first civil governor of the Philippines

American Occupation; continue…….
Organic Act No. 70

created METROPOLITAN POLICE FORCE in Manila, Jan 9,

1901)

Organic Act No. 175

created an INSULAR CONSTABULARY on July 18, 1901

Organic Act No. 225

the INSULAR POLICE was renamed to PHILIPPINE

CONSTABULARY on October 2, 1901

Capt. HENRY T. ALLEN was the first Chief. He was promoted

later to Brig. General
Police System Under American Occupation

Philippine Constabulary

• functioned as law enforcer and combat violence and

lawlessness in various aspect of public service for the
maintenance of peace and order.

• served also in various aspects of public service

as teachers, sanitary inspectors, midwives, doctors and

foresters

• under the military organization

American Occupation; continue…….

Revised Administrative Code of The Philippines

of May 20, 1917

created CITY and MUNICIPAL POLICE FORCE

Brig Gen Rafael Crame

1st Filipino Philippine Constabulary Chief

the period 1917-1927

Police System Under Commonwealth

Commonwealth Act No. 1

• passed on Dec. 31, 1935 known as National Defense Act

• created the Philippine Army with the PC as the fighting core

• Phil. Constabulary Academy was changed to Philippine Military

Academy

• 4 years and conferring Bachelor of Science degree

Police System Under Commonwealth

Jan. 11, 1936

• PC was transferred to Phil. Army and was known as “Army’s
Constabulary Division

Commonwealth Act No. 88

• passed on Oct. 26, 1936

• State Police was created replacing the PC under the Dept. of

Interior

June 25, 1938

• State Police was abolished

• PC was constituted as National Police force

Police System Under Japanese Rule (1942-45)

• morning of Dec 8, 1941, Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor

• Dec 8, 1941 of afternoon- bombing of pan-American Airway

Installation at San Pedro Makati

• ended on Jan 22, 1942 as issued by McArthur

• due to hunger, sickness and lack of equipments

• “Death March” to Camp O’Donnel, Capas Tarlac

• 4,326 prisoners died of torture & starvation

Police System Under Japanese Rule

Feb. 17, 1942

• established the Bureau of Constabulary and Police with Gen.

Guillermo Francisco as Chief

June 1, 1942

• training school at Intramuros was established

Police System Under Japanese Rule

Oct. 20, 1944

• returned of MacArthur

April 28, 1945

• proclamation of Phil freedom from Japanese Occupation

Post-War Constabulary

• Phil was left in shambles after the WW II, loose FA & dead
bodies littered the streets

• Communist Ideology propagated in the countryside & hard-

line supporters won

- Hukbong Mapagpalaya ng Bayan (HMB) in Central Luzon lead

by Luis Taruc

* Capitalized on Agrarian Unrest *

• PC informal enlistees is 23,000 while HMB is 20,000. in 1946

Post-War Constabulary

Executive Order No. 51

• signed by Pres. Sergio Osmeña Jr on Oct. 28, 1945 creating

the MILITARY POLICE COMMAND

• task: restoring peace and order out of the chaos which

followed the battles of liberation

• attached to the Army under Brig. Gen Federico Oboza

Police System Under the Philippine Republic

July 4, 1946

• inauguration of the Republic of the Philippines with Manuel

Roxas as President

• PMA was reopened

• Military Police School was established at Bamban, Tarlac on

Dec. 1946
- transferred to Camp Crame on Apr 25, 1947 and renamed
as Phil. Constabulary School
Police System Under the Philippine Republic

Executive Order No. 94

• issued by Pres. Manuel Roxas on July 1, 1947

• resurrects the Philippine Constabulary again under the

control of Dept. of the Interior

Jan. 1, 1948

• PC was reactivated and the Military Police Command was

abolished
Police System Under the Philippine Republic

Problem of Insurgency is prevalent under the

Quirino Administration

Executive Order 308

• issued on March 30, 1950 by Pres. Elpidio Quirino

• merged the PC and the Army to streamline the counter-

insurgency campaign

Executive Order 309

• named PC as one of the five major commands of the AFP

Police System Under the Philippine Republic

President Ramon Magsaysay (1953-57)

• restored full control of the PC from AFP to the Chief of

constabulary, Gen. Manuel F Cabal

• credited for crippling the HUKS movement by mobilizing the PC

• used the “friendly touch” for winning over the Huks by giving
lands and building roads
Police System Under the Philippine Republic

RA No. 4864 - Police Act of 1966)

• passed on August 8, 1966

• purpose: to achieve and attain a higher degree of efficiency

in the organization, administration and operation of local
police agencies with the view that peace and order may be
maintained more effectively and the laws enforced with more
impartiality
Police System Under the Philippine Republic

RA No. 4864 – (Police Act of 1966)

• provided for the creation of a Police Commission

Duty:
To institutionalize public safety education and training
nationwide for all public safety forces

• conducted 3-month training vis-a-vis with Philippine

Constabulary Training Center
The Rise of the Communist Party of the Philippines

• PCs attempt to maintain peace and order did not end with the
decimnation of the HUKS/ HMB

Jose Ma. Sison

• on Dec 26, 1968, founded the CPP

• spread through a small discussion group called Kabataan

Makabayan organized by him and his colleagues

• organized also the New People’s Army

Jan 9, 1969 most number of Communist leaders died in the

hands of the PC in an encounter at Orani Bataan
The Rise of the Communist Party of the Philippines

1960s saw the upsurge of mass demonstrations and violence and

expansion efforts of Communist Party

Executive Order No. 76

• issued by Pres Marcos on July 14, 1967 establishing the

Philippine Constabulary Metropolitan Command

- became PC striking force as it is authorized to conduct

24/7 patrol in entire Metro Manila

- tasked to supplement or complement local police action

in the repression and prevention of crimes
Martial Law and the Philippine Constabulary

September 21, 1972

• proclamation of Martial Law by Pres Marcos

- Mobilized the PC and other major services of the military

to dismantle the “unconstitutional opposition” and to
prevent widespread hooliganism and gangsterism
Martial Law and the Philippine Constitution

Presidential Decree No 421

• issued by Pres Marcos on Mar 21, 1974 integrating all

police, jail and fire safety services in four cities and 13
municipalities of Manila under the Metrolpolitan Command

- created the Metropolitan Police Force, elite force, under the

aegis of PC Metrocom

become the first step towards integration of all

police units nationwide
Martial Law and the Philippine Constitution

Presidential Decree No 765 (Philippine Integration Law)

• passed on August 8, 1975

• establish the Integrated National Police with the PC as the

nucleus and all police officers as components under the
command of PC Chief
• placed under the Ministry of National Defense

Paved the way for professionalization, the standardization of

systems and procedures and the creation of an
organizational structure linking all
police units together for
maximum efficiency.
Martial Law and the Philippine Constitution

Presidential Decree No 1184

• known as Integrated National Police Professionalism Law

of 1977

• passed on August 26, 1977 to accelerate the upgrading and

professionalization of the police, fire and jail services

• provide for the establishment of PNPA on June 12, 1978 at

Camp Vicente Lim, Laguna
The Creation of the Philippine National Police

The People’s Revolution and the birth of the 1987 Constitution

Republic Act 6975

• passed on Dec. 13, 1990, known as Department of the Interior

and Local Government Act of 1990

• authors: Sen. Ernesto Maceda, Sen. Aquilino Pimentel, Rep.

Jose Cojuangco Jr, Rep. Rodrigo Gutang

• PC and INP were combined the form the Philippine National

Police on Jan. 1, 1991 under the DILG

• also provide for the creation of PPSC as the premier

educational training institution
The Creation of the Philippine National Police

Republic Act 6975

• on January 29, 1991 at Camp Crame, PC and INP were retired

officially and PNP was born

• on March 31, 1991; Pres Aquino named Gen. Cesar Nazareno as

the first Director General of the Phil. National Police
The Creation of the Philippine National Police

Republic Act 8551

• enacted on Feb. 17, 1998, known as the PNP Reform and

Reorganization Act of 1998

• amend RA 6975 in response to growing clamor to transform the

PNP “into a more responsive, effective and relevant police
organization

• intends to strengthened the PNP and evolved into a highly

efficient police force amend RA 6975 in response to growing
clamor to transform the PNP “into a more responsive, effective
and relevant police organization
The Creation of the Philippine National Police

Republic Act 9708

• enacted on Aug. 12, 2009

• an act extending for five (5) years the reglementary period for
complying with the minimum educational qualification for
appointment to the PNP and adjusting the promotion system
thereof, amending for the purpose pertinent provisions of
republic act no. 6975 and republic act no. 8551 and for other
purpose
Definition of the Term Police

 Police is derived from the word POLITIA- meaning

condition of a state, government and administration.

 POLITIA originated from the Greek word “Politea”

which means government, citizenship, or the entire
activity of a POLIS, a city.
Definition of the Term Police
(Very Broadest sense)

 Police means the internal organization or regulations of a state,

the control and regulations of a community or state through the
exercise of the constitutional power of the government.
(Webster’s Dictionary)
Definition of the Term Police
(less Broader sense)

 Police denotes power of the government which concerns the

maintenance of tranquility, public order, peace, security of
persons and property and the protection of public health and
morale.
Definition of the Term Police
(Very restricted sense)

 Police refers exclusively to that body of armed men which as an

institution is capable of exercising its duties by armed physical
forces in the preservation and detection of crime and the
execution of laws.
FUNDAMENTAL PURPOSE OF POLICE SERVICE

 The police service deals with the most

important part with respect to the
actions and behavior of human beings
POLICE ACTIVITIES

1. Prevention of Criminality
2. Repression of Crimes
3. Apprehending of Offenders
4. Recovery of Property
5. Regulation of Non-Criminal Conduct
6. Performance of Related Miscellaneous
Service
OLD & MODERN CONCEPTS OF POLICE SERVICE

OLD CONCEPT.
*This old concept of police service looked upon
the police as merely a repressive machinery.

*This old philosophy means throwing more

people
in jail rather than keeping them out of jail.

*Under this concept, punishment is the sole

instrument of crime control. The yardstick of
efficiency of the police is more arrests.
OLD & MODERN CONCEPTS OF POLICE SERVICE

MODERN CONCEPT.
*The modern concept of police service considers
the police as an organ of crime prevention.

*Police service today has broadened its activities to

include certain aspects of social service, and has for its
objective the welfare of the individual as well as that of
society.

*Under this philosophy, the yardstick of efficiency of the

police is the absence of crime.
Crime Prevention & Crime Repression

Crime Prevention means the eradication

of the desire on the part of the potential
criminal to commit a crime.

Crime Repression means the elimination

of the opportunity existing on the part of
the would-be criminal to commit a crime.
Criticisms of the Police
1. Some of our local policemen, educationally are
not qualified and therefore cannot cope
successfully with the criminals;
2. Lack of training and if ever trained, there were
no sufficient equipment and other teaching aids
used in the training;
3. Policemen are receiving less attractive salary as
compared to some other government employees,
and therefore, highly qualified men and women
are not attracted to the law enforcement
profession;
4. That their territorial jurisdiction are limited and
this prevents them from effective pursuit of
criminals.
Necessity of the Police

Policemen are personified as

the “law” notwithstanding as a social
institution concerned with social
problems.

Nevertheless, respect for law depends

upon the behavior of the police.

Furthermore, it is the agency on which the

community often relies in times of
tension and emergency.
CREATION OF POLICE COMMISSION

• Sep 8, 1966 – Senate & House of Rep of the Phils in

Congress enacted Republic Act No. 4864 and may be
cited as the Police Act of 1966.

• An act creating the Police Commission, Amending and

Revising the Laws Relative to the Local Police System
and For Other Purposes
INTEGRATION LAW

• Aug 8, 1975 – Pres Marcos issued PD 765

establishing the Integrated National Police with
the Philippine Constabulary as the nucleus and
the integrated police forces as established by PD
No 421,531, 482, 585 & 641 as components
under the Department of National Defense.
CREATION OF THE PHIL NATIONAL
POLICE

• Dec 13, 1990 – RA 6975 or the

“Department of the Interior and Local
Government Act of 1990”

• An Act Establishing the Philippine

National Police Under A Reorganized
Department of the Interior and Local
Government, And For Other Purposes
PNP REFORM & REORGANIZATION ACT
OF1998

• Feb 25, 1998 – RA 8551 or the

“Philippine National Police Reform and
Reorganization Act of 1998”

• An Act Providing for the Reform and

Reorganization of the Philippine
National Police and For Other Purposes,
Amending Certain Provisions of RA
6975.
TOP 5 POSITIVE ATTRIBUTES THE COMMUNITY WANTS FROM
THE POLICEMEN

1. Trustworthy (Mapagkatiwalaan)
2. God-Centered (Maka-Diyos)
3. Timely Response (Mabilis Umaksyon Sa
Tawag-Saklolo ng Publiko)
4. Respect for the law (abiding)
(May Respeto sa Batas)
5. Humane- Caring for Fellowmen (Maka-
Tao)

Survey by: ASIA-PACIFIC CENTRE FOR RESEARCH INC on Sep

21- Oct 16, 2009 represented by 4,400 respondents
TOP 5 NEGATIVE ATTRIBUTES THE COMMUNITY SEEN FROM
THE POLICEMEN

1. Corrupt (Nangungurakot)
2. Abusive (Abusado)
3. Boastful (Mayabang)
4. Involvement in Illegal Activities (Sangkot
sa Gawaing Illegal Tulad ng Jueteng,
Prostitusyon o Mga Bawal Na Droga)
5. Rude/Arrogant (Bastos, Kulang Sa
Kabutihang Asal)
Survey by: ASIA-PACIFIC CENTRE FOR RESEARCH INC on Sep 21- Oct
16, 2009 represented by 4,400 respondents
TOP 5 MOST IMPORTANT ACTIONS NEEDED TO IMPROVE PNP
PERFORMANCE

1. Police Discipline
2. Financial Support & Equipment for the
Police
3. Lacking PNP Leadership Capability
4. Lacking National Leadership
Capability
5. Working Environment

Survey by: ASIA-PACIFIC CENTRE FOR RESEARCH INC on Sep 21-

Oct 16, 2009 represented by 4,400 respondents
Nature of a Policeman

A Policemen must have:

• a mind of a lawyer,
• the soul of the clergyman,
• the heart of a social worker,
• discipline of an army sergeant,
• the integrity of a saint.
 Nature of a Policeman

A Policeman :
• Must believe in a community of law,
while seeing little but lawlessness;
• Believe in the goodness of man,
while seeing man often at his worst
• Work in a community of men who resent
his presence but depend on his
faithfulness,
• Knows his jurisdiction like a sociologist,
• Understand people like a psychologist
• Take the long view of life like a philosopher
and yet never losing his common touch
WHAT IS A FILIPINO POLICEMAN?

A FILIPINO POLICEMAN IS A PROTECTOR AND FRIEND OF

THE PEOPLE. HIS BADGE IS A SYMBOL OF THE CITIZEN’S
FAITH AND TRUST, HIS UNIFORM A MIRROR OF
DECORUM AND INTEGRITY AND HIS WHOLE HUMAN
PERSON AN OBLATION OF ENDURING LOVE FOR
HOMELAND, FELLOWMEN AND GOD.

A FILIPINO POLICEMAN EMULATES THE VALOR OF

LAPUALPU, THE SERENITY OF RIZAL, THE LEADERSHIP OF
AGUINALDO, THE COURAGE OF BONIFACIO, THE
IDEALISM OF DEL PILAR, THE WISDOM OF MABINI AND
THE FORTITUDE OF GOMEZ, BURGOS AND ZAMORA.
WHAT IS A FILIPINO POLICEMAN?
A FILIPINO POLICEMAN HAS AN OATH FOR HIS
REPUBLIC TO UPHOLD: TO DEFEND THE
CONSTITUTION, HONOR THE FLAG, OBEY THE LAWS
AND DULY CONSTITUTED AUTHORITIES, HE HAS A
COVENANT WITH HIS PEOPLE TO COMPLY: TO
SAFEGUARD AND PROTECT THEM EVEN BEYOND THE
CALL OF DUTY. AND HE HAS A LEGACY FOR HIS
FAMILY TO FULFILL: TO BEQUEATH UNTO THEM THE
ONE AND ONLY TREASURE OF HIS LIFE – AN
UNBLEMISHED NAME.
From the Book, THE POLICEMAN by Fritz V Quiñanola
 GOD BLESS

Maayong Hapon Sa
Tanan