Presented by SHE

1 Nguyễn Ngọc Ánh 1511110102

2 Phạm Nguyễn Diệu Linh 1614420055
3 Trần Thị Thơm 1614420079
4 Vũ Thị Hoài 1614420033
5 Vũ Linh An 1611110007
6 Nguyễn Thị Hoa 1614410063
7 Nguyễn Thị Hà Giang 1611110143
 FUN FACT

Because like a woman, a ship is unpredictable." A more likely

suggestion relates to the idea of goddesses and mother figures
playing a protective role in looking after a ship and crew. Linked to
this is the common practice of giving ships female figureheads and
names, often after deities or members of a shipowner's family.
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 I Overview of sea transport
• History and development process of sea transport
• Relationship between developing sea transport and developing international trade
• Sea transport in Vietnam

II Advantages and Disadvantages of sea transport

• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Comparison with other modes of transport

III How to calculate sea freight rate

IV Some types of vessel

• Definitions of each types of vessel
• Minigame
 HISTORY AND
DEVELOPMENT
PROCESS OF SEA
TRANSPORT 1.1
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SINCE THE BEGINNING OF TIME

• People have used water

to help them transport
cargo from one place to
another.

• The first “ships” were

single logs that small
cargo was attached to
and floated down river for
trade..

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ABOUT 5,000 YEARS AGO

• The first major trade routes were

formed between modern-day
India and Pakistan along the
Arabian Sea.

• They used an astrolabe to

navigate the waters. An
astrolabe is an instrument that
predicted the position of the sun,
moon, planets and the stars.

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DURING THE SAME THE TIME

• The Romans were

developing fleets that could
cross the Mediterranean
Sea in about a month.
• It was much cheaper to
transport these good by sea
than by land.

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• During the 7th– the 13th
centuries, the Arab Empire
began developing trade routes
through Asia, Africa, and Europe.

• These advanced vessels, called

qaribs, greatly reduced the
amount of time it took to
transport goods.

• During the Age of Discovery in

the 15th – the 19th centuries,
advances in navigation and
shipbuilding allowed Europeans
to voyage across the Atlantic.
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DURING THE 19TH AND 20THCENTURIES
• The Suez Canal opened
shipping between Europe and
Asia without going around
Africa. The Panama Canal
connected the Atlantic and
Pacific Oceans.

• Cruise ships were developed to

carry people across the world.
In the late 20thcentury,
container shipping developed,
leading to the shipping industry
we see today.

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 RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN
SEA TRANSPORT AND
INTERNATIONAL TRADE 1.2
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1.2.1 Relationahip between sea transport and
international trade
 Transportation is developed on the basis of production and goods
exchange.
• The shipping industry plays a very important part in transporting
goods in the international market (makes up 80% of the total volume
of international trade goods)
• The principle of freedom of navigation
has facilitated the shipping industry
 Ships having any nationalities can
freely transport on international routes.

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1.2.1 Relationship between sea transport and international trade

Nowadays,due to:
 the scientific and technical progress
 the increase in labor productivity in the transport sector

 The average freight rate in

international transport tends to decrease.

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1.2.1 Relationship between sea transport and international trade

Sea transport is characterized by low freight charges

=> It makes increasing the volume of goods circulation in
international trade
Sea transport development will reduce sea transportation costs,
create good conditions for the expansion of international
consumption markets, trade liberalization, and promote
production development.

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1.2.2. Some countries have developed sea transport
 China
China is having 34 large ports and more than 2000 small
ports. => one of the World's Largest Exporter

Tianjjn port - the largest port in

Northern China and the main
gateway to Beijing.It is currently
operated by Tianjin Port Group

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1.2.1 Some countries have developed sea transport
 America
With the US contributing to over 26% of the total world
consumption, it’s no surprise that the ocean freight industry is
crucial to its economy

The Port of Los Angeles is

located in the western US state
of California.
Given it’s strategic location, it’s no
wonder that it’s responsible for the
majority of the Transpacific trade.

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1.2.1 Some countries have developed sea transport
 America
With the US contributing to over 26% of the total world
consumption, it’s no surprise that the ocean freight industry is
crucial to its economy

 It currently ranks as the 19th

busiest port in the world in
terms of container volume.
 It’s estimated that around $1.2
billion worth of cargo is shipped
to/from the Los Angeles port
every day.

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SEA TRANSPORT
IN VIET NAM 1.3
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SEAPORTS IN VIET NAM

Capacity of seaports in 2017

 More 3200 km Sai Gon

24%
coastline
Da Nang Country

 114 seaports 6% Country Hai Phong

63% Da Nang
Sai Gon

 3 largest ports Hai Phong

7%

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VOLUME OF GOODS MOVED
• The total volume of goods moved by sea transport, in 2017, was a
bit 140 million tons- an increase of 7% from 2016
• Ranked 2nd in ASEAN and 5th in the world for shipbuilding

(General Statistics Office)

Graph: Total volume of goods moved by sea transport 2013 – 2017

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CONTAINER PORT TRAFFIC

In 2017, Container
12.284.395 TEU
port traffic is an
increase of 11 %
year – on -year

(World bank)

Graph: Container port traffic

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• The maritime transport sector achieved positive growth.

• Since 2014 to the end of 2018, river-sea compatible ships

transported 36.2 million tonnes of cargo.

• Last year, they completed 22,000 shipments, an increase of

67 per cent year-on-year. Shipping volume was 18.5 tonnes
of cargo, up 56 per cent from 2017.

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CHARISTERISTICS OF
SEA TRANSPORT II
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2.1 ADVANTAGES OF SEA TRANSPORT
Key benefits of ocean freight:

• Ocean freight is a less expensive method

• Large volumes

• Extensive coverage around the world

• Multiple carrier options for the shippers

• More environmental friendly

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2.2 DISADVANTAGES OF SEA TRANSPORT

Slow Speed
Risky

DISADVANTAGES

Lack of Infrastructure
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2.3 COMPARISON OF TRANSPORT MODES

Flexibility Frequency of
Mode Speed Freight rate
in Handling Shipments
Sea
very slow very low very high very low
transport

Air transport very fast very high low average

Road
fast high average high
transport
Rail
average average high low
transport

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2.3 COMPARISON OF TRANSPORT MODES

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1.UNIT OF CALCULATION OF THE SEA FREIGHT: 2 MODES

2. ESSPECIALLY IN USA& CANADA

3. MINIMUM VOLUME IN SEA FREIGHT

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1. UNIT OF CALCULATION OF THE SEA FREIGHT: 2 MODES

• Calculated according to actual weight

of goods (number of kilograms)
• Calculated by volume of goods (Cbm:
cubic meter,): Based on the formula
(Length x Width x Height)

Value of sea freight calculation:

applied according to international
standards as followed
a. 1 ton <1 cbm: heavy goods, applied
according to kgs
b. 1 ton> = 3 cbm: light cargo, apply the
charge according to cbm

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2. SPECIAL CASES FOR GOODS EXPORTED TO US & CANADA

•  In US: There are a number of states and seaports in the US

that regulate unconventional freight rates of 1000 kgs = 1cbm,
which some destination ports in the US apply 1 cbm = 363 kgs.

In addition to goods in the United States also have to pay

additional DDC(Destination Delivery Charge) and
AMS(Automated Manifest System) surcharge.

•  IN CANADA: Refer to additional sea freight surcharges are

ACI(Advance Commercial Information Charge) and AMS

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3. MINIMUM VOLUME IN SEA FREIGHT

Under international convention, all goods are transported by

sea, the minimum volume is calculated as 1 cbm (cubic meter).
This means that if the volume is 0.35 cbm, you still have to round
up to 1 cbm to get this value for sea freight.

 In addition, in some ports that are particularly remote routes,

sub-routes or inland ports (dry ports), logistics units will apply a
maximum volume of 2 or 3 cbm. In this case, even if customers
send 1 cbm to these routes, they still have to charge sea
freight of 2 or 3 cbm.

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World Freight Rates – Freight Calculator
https://worldfreightrates.com/

IT HELPS EXPORTERS AND

IMPORTERS CALCULATE THE
FREIGHT IN AN ACCURATE WAY
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1. PASSENGER SHIPS

To transport passengers
2 Types:
• Ferries: for short-sea trip. To carry passengers and vehicles
• Cruise ships: a large number of decks and compartments.
There are different kinds of entertainment (shows, parties, …).

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 FIRST UP
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 TITANIC – CRUISE SHIP
IN 1912 THE SINKING OF THE TITANIC BEGAN LATE ON THE NIGHT
OF APRIL 14TH.

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2. CARGO VESSELS

a) Dry bulk carriers: To transport ore and grain cargo

• Bulk cargo: unpacked cargo
• Dry bulk cargo: unpacked and solid cargo. 2 types: Ore and
Grains

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ORE GRAINS

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2. CARGO VESSELS

b) Tankers: designed to transport liquids in bulk.

Some types:
• Oil tankers:
Crude tankers: carry crude oil
Products tankers: carry refined oil (gasoil, diesel..)
• LPG carriers: transport Liquefied Petroleum Gas
• LNG carriers: transport Liquefied Natural Gas

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2. CARGO VESSELS

C) Container ships: carry cargo in containers

The first time a 6.000 TEU ship went to

Haiphong International Container Terminal (HICT)
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2. CARGO VESSELS

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2. CARGO VESSELS

e) General cargo ships: transport cargo in sacks, bales, boxes,

crates and drums

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SACKS BALES

BOXES CRATES

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 GAMES
Guess the type of vessel

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CONTAINER SHIP

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FERRIES

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LPG CARRIERS

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LNG CARRIERS

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THANK YOU

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