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ZXG10-BSS
Goal and Objectives
•Goal
•Be capable of installing and commissioning on ZXG10-BSS
•Objectives
• Be familiar with GSM fundamental
• Be familiar with the base principles of ZXG10-BSC,BTS
• Be good at OMCR operation
• Be familiar with common operation of Solaris and Oracle DB
• Be able to complete installation and commissioning independently
Agenda
Feb 20 ~ Mar 4
GSM Fundamentals
BSC Fundamentals
OMCR Fundamental and Operation
BTS Structure
Equipment Installation
Solaris Maintenance
OMCR Server Operation
Data Configuration-1
Data Configuration-2
OMCR Installation
On-site training
GSM Fundamental
Shengmin Jiang
jiang.shengmin@zte.com.cn
Agenda
Basic Theory
Network Architecture
Functional Layer of GSM
Air Interface
System Capacity
Anti Interference Technology
Network Planning
Numbering arrangement
Development of Mobile Communication
AMPS ( America )
Analog NMT ( North Europe )
TACS ( U.K. )
Evolution
CDMA
Development of Mobile Communication
AMPS(America)
NMT (North Europe)
TACS (U.K.)
GSM
CDMA
PDC
Advantages of 2G Digital Mobile
Communication System
• High efficiency of the Freq
• Mobile Data Services available
• Automatic roaming
• High security
• Better quality of speech
• More flexible on new services
Worldwide GSM System Application
PDC Analog
5% 4% GSM
TDMA
9% CDMA
TDMA
CDMA PDC
13%
Analog
GSM
69%
Percentage
1 00
80
60
40
20
0
19 98 20 00 20 02 2 004
Basic Theory
Network Architecture
Multiple Access Mode
System Capacity
Anti Interference Technology
Network Planning
Numbering arrangement
Security Management
GSM Network Structure
OMC
MSC/VLR
BSC
E
BIE
Abi A PSTN
BTS s MSC/VLR ISDN
BSS PSPDN
C
Um F H
HLR/
AUC EIR SC/VM
MS
MSS
Terms
• MS : Mobile Station
• BSS: Base Station Subsystem
• BSC: Base Station Controller
• BTS: Base Transceiver Station
subscriber information
3 identities essential
the International Mobile subscriber Identity
the Mobile station ISDN Number
the VLR address
GSM Network Entity
OMC
MSC/VLR
BSC
E
BIE
Abi A PSTN
BTS s MSC/VLR ISDN
BSS PSPDN
C
Um F H
HLR/
AUC EIR SC/VM
MS
MSS
Mobile Station
Mobile Equipment
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
Mobile stations are not fixed to one subscriber.
A subscriber is identified with the SIM card.
GSM Network Entity
Wireless transmission
Wireless diversity
Wireless channel encryption
Conversion between wired and wireless signals
Frequency Hopping
BaseBand Unit:
voice and data speed adapting and channel coding
RF Unit:
modulating/demodulating, transmitter and receiver
Common Control Unit:
BTS operation and maintenance
GSM Network Entity
Controls:
Wireless link distribution between MS and BTS
Communication connection and disconnection
MS location, handover and paging
Voice encoding, transecoding (TC), rate,
adaptation,
The operation and maintenance functions of
BSS.
TC in BSC
• Voice conversion
16kbit/s RPE-LTP 64kbit/s A-law PCM codes.
BTS
BIE BIE
SM SM TC MSC
Basic Theory
Network Architecture
Functional Layer of GSM
Air Interface
System Capacity
Anti Interference Technology
Network Planning
Numbering arrangement
Security Management
Overview: Function Layers of GSM-1
S ervice carrie r
O AM Subsc riber
CM
MM
RR
Tran smissi on
Protocol Stack Structure of GSM
Basic Theory
Network Architecture
Functional Layer of GSM
Air Interface
System Capacity
Anti Interference Technology
Network Planning
Numbering arrangement
Security Management
TDMA
Concept:
time channel is composed of a
series of timeslots of
User 3
periodicity. Different signal
energies are distributed
User 2 into different timeslots. The
User 1 adjacent channel
interference is restricted by
Frequency
connection choosing from
time to time. So the useful
GSM adopts TDMA/FDMA mode signal is passed only in the
channel width: 200KHz specified timeslot.
each channel has 8 timeslots
FDMA
Concept:
In a relative narrow channel inside a
frequency domain, the signal power
is concentrated to transmit the signal.
Different channels are distributed into
Time
different channel. The interference
from and to adjacent channels is
restricted by the BPF. Thus, in
specified narrow channel, only the
User 1
User 2
User 3
time time
User 3
User 1
User 2
User 3 User 2
User 1
frequency frequency
FDMA TDMA
code
time
User 3
User 2
User 1
CDMA frequency
GSM Timeslot and Frame structure
Frequency
200KHz
BP time
15/26ms
interval
Frequency Resource
GSM900 : EGSM900 :
up: 890~915MHz up: 880~890MHz
down: 935~960MHz down: 925~935MHz
duplex interval: 45MHz duplex interval: 45MHz
bandwidth: 25MHz , bandwidth: 10MHz ,
frequency interval: 200KHz frequency interval: 200KHz
GSM1800 : GSM1900MHz:
up: 1710-1785MHz up:1850~1910MHz
down: 1805-1880MHz down:1930~1990MHz
duplex interval: 95MHz , duplex interval: 80MHz ,
working bandwidth: 75MHz , working bandwidth: 60MHz
frequency interval: 200KHz ,
frequency interval: 200KHz
Frequency Resource
1800MHz
1900MHz Low
New Operator
Reason
Propagation
Characteristic
For Operator For Subscriber
Frequency Resource
Single Band
Network Cell coverage radius :
We know
Propagation characteristic
BCCH
1 super frame = 1326 TDMA frame ( 6.12s ) CCCH
SACCH/TCH SDCH
FACCH 0 1 2 3 47 48 49 50
0 1 24 25
0 1 24 25 0 1 49 50
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
RACH (up)
CCH CCCH AGCH (down)
PCH (down)
SDCCH
DCCH FACCH
SACCH
Channel Type
Traffic Channel
Transmit voice and data
Signaling Channel
transmit the signaling and synchronous data
between BTS and MS.
Channel Type
BCH :
Frequency Correction CHannel ( FCCH )
-- for MS error correction
Synchronous Channel ( SCH)
-- for MS frame synchronization and BTS recognization
Broadcasting Control CHannel ( BCCH )
-- broadcasting information(cell selection information, etc..)
Channel Type
DCCH
BCCH+CCCH
R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
(uplink)
(a) FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH
8 SDCCH/8
D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 A0 A1 A2 A3 I I I
(Downlink)
D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 A4 A5 A6 A7 I I I
8 SDCCH/8
A1 A2 A3 I I I D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 A0
(uplink)
A5 A6 A7 I I I D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 A4
(b) SDCCH/8(0,...,7)+SACCH/C8(0,...,7)
BCCH+CCCH+
F S B C F S C C F S D0 D1 F S D2 D3 F S A0 A1 I
4SDCCH/4
(Downlink) F S B C F S C C F S D0 D1 F S D2 D3 F S A2 A3 I
BCCH+CCCH+
D3 R R A2 A3 R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R D0 D1 F S D2
4SDCCH/4
(uplink) D3 R R A0 A1 R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R D0 D1 F S D2
(c) FCCH+SCH+CCCH+SDCCH/4(0,...,3)+SACCH/C4(0,...,3)
F:FCCH S:SCH
B:BCCH C:CCCH(CCCH=PCH+AGCH+RACH)
R:RACH D:SDCCH
A:SACCH/C I: idle
Channel Combination Type
Basic Theory
Network Architecture
Functional Layer of GSM
Air Interface
System Capacity
Anti Interference Technology
Network Planning
Numbering arrangement
Security Management
Cell Mode Layout
Omni-directional cell
Directional cell
Capacity
Coverage Area
Sector cell is often used to enlarge the cell coverage
radius because of the higher antenna gain.
For special coverage ,such as road coverage, two-sector
cell is adopted firstly.
System capacity
Erlang :
GOS:
Basic Theory
Network Architecture
Functional Layer of GSM
Air Interface
System Capacity
Anti Interference Technology
Network Planning
Numbering arrangement
Security Management
Reasons for interference
Environmental factors:
• Terrain (mountains, hills, plains, water bodies, etc.);
• The quantity, heights, distribution and materials of
buildings;
• The vegetation of the region;
• Weather conditions;
• Natural and artificial electromagnetic noises;
• Frequency;
• How MS is moved.
Interference
Co-Channel Interference
Conception:
the interference among the signals of co-
channel cells is called co-channel interference.
Result from :
Frequency reuse
Reduction method:
co-channel cells must physically be
spaced at a minimum interval to ensure
adequate isolation of transmissions.
Interference
FH technology
Dynamic power control (DPC)
Discontinuous Transceiving
(DTX)
Diversity receiving technique
Frequency Hopping Technique
Reason:
• counteract Rayleigh Fading
• scatter interference among multiple calls
Types:
Base band frequency hopping
keeps the transmission and receiving frequency of
each carrier unit unchanged, but merely sends FU
transmission data to different carrier units at
different FN moments.
radio frequency hopping
controls the frequency synthesizer of each
transceiver, making it hop according to different
schemes in different time slots.
Discontinuous Speech Transmission (DTX)
TRAU BTS
BTS MS
480 ms
Speech frame
Diversity Reception Technology
Polarization Diversity
orthogonal polarization diversity.
horizontal polarization and vertical polarization.
Frequency Diversity
The working principle of this technology is that
such fading won’t take place on the frequency
outside the coherence bandwidth of the channel.
Agenda
Basic Theory
Network Architecture
Functional Layer of GSM
Air Interface
System Capacity
Anti Interference Technology
Network Planning
Numbering arrangement
Security Management
Frequency Reuse
D3 A1 C2 C3 B1 D2
C1 A2 A3 D1 B2 B3 C1
C3 B1 D2 D3 A1 C2 C3
A1 B2 B3 C1 A2 A3 D1
D2 A1 C2 C3 B1 D2
A1 D3
“4 3” reuse mode:
one group includes 3 sectors /site ,12 frequency which
are distributed to 4 sites. Every site owns 3 frequency.
Frequency Reuse
B3 A1 B2 B3 A1 B2
C1 A2 A3 C1 A2 A3 C1
C3 B1 C2 C3 B1 C2 C3
A1 B2 B3 A1 B2 B3 A1
A3 C1 A2 A3 C1 A2
A1 A3
“3 3” reuse mode:
one group includes 3 sectors /site ,9 frequency which are
distributed to 3 sites. Every site owns 3 frequency.
Agenda
Basic Theory
Network Architecture
Functional Layer of GSM
Air Interface
System Capacity
Anti Interference Technology
Network Planning
Numbering arrangement
Security Management
Numbering Arrangement
the IMSI of user will be written into the SIM card by specific
device and software and be stored into the HLR with other user
information.
Numbering Arrangement
Mobile subscriber ISDN number ( MSISDN )
TAC+FAC+SNR+SP