Quantitative Research

• Quantitative Research is a research that

relies primarily on the collection of
quantitative date.
• Quantitative designs approach examine
social phenomena through quantifiable
evidence and often rely on statistical
analysis of many cases to create valid and
reliable general claims.
• The building block or the necessary items
are the variables.
• Independent variable - the presumed
cause of another variable
• Dependent variable - the presumed effect
or outcome; influenced by one or more
independent variables
Types of Quantitative Research
• Experimental - to study cause and effect
relationships; its defining characteristic is
active manipulation of an independent
variable
• Non-experimental - there is no
manipulation of the independent variable
Qualitative Research
• Qualitative research relies on the
collection of qualitative data. qualitative
designs emphasize undersatnding of
social phenomena through direct
observation, communication with
participants, or analysis of texts, and may
stress contextual subjective accuracy over
generality.
 Types of Qualitative Research
• Phenomenology - the researcher attempts
to understand how one or more individuals
experience a phenomenon
• Ethnography - focuses on describing the
culture of a group of people
• Case study research - focuses on
providing a detailed account of one or
more cases
• Grounded theory - generates and
develops a theory from data that the
researcher collects
• Historical research - research about
events that occurred in the past
 Emphases of Quantitative, Mixed,
and Qualitative Research
Quantitative Research Mixed Research Qualitative Research

Scientific Deductive or "top- Deductive and Indictive or "bottom-up";

Method down"; the researcher Inductive the researcher generates
tests hypothesis and new hypotheses and
theory with data grouded theory from data
collected during the work
View of Behavior is regular and Behavior is Behavior is fluid,
Human predictable somewhat dynamic, situational,
Behavior predictable social, contextual, and
personal
Most Description, explanation, Multiple objectives Description, exploration,
common prediction discovery
Research
Objectives
 Quantitative Research Mixed Research Qualitative
Research
Focus Narrow-angle lens, Multi-lens focus Wide-angle and
testing specific “deep-angle” lens
hypotheses examining the
breadth and depth
of phenomena to
learn more about
them
Nature of Attempt to study To study behavior is To study behavior
observation behavior under more than one in natural
controlled conditions context or condition environment; to
study context in
which behavior
occurs
Nature of Objective (different Commonsense Subjective,
reality observers agree on realism and personal, and
what is observed) pragmatic view of the socially constructed
world
 Quantitative Research Mixed Research Qualitative
Research
Form of data Collect quantitative Multiple forms Collect qualitative
collected data based on precise data; the
measurement using researcher is the
structured and primary data
validated data collection
collection instruments instrument
Nature of data Variables Mixture of Words, images,
variables, words categories
and images
Data analysis Identify statistical Quantitative and Search for patterns,
relationships qualitative themes and holistic
features
 Quantitative Research Mixed Research Qualitative
Research
Results Generalizable findings Corroborated Particularistic
findings may findings;
generalize representation of
insider
Form of Final Statistical report Eclectic and Narrative report with
Report pragmatic contextual
description and
direct quotations
from research
participants