MARCOS TO

CORY AQUINO
 Proclamation No. 1081

On September 21, 1972 ushered

the Period of the New Society. Five
days after the proclamation of
Martial Law, the entire country was
proclaimed a land reform area and
simultaneously the Agrarian Reform
Program was decreed.
 President Marcos enacted the
following laws:

Republic Act No. 6389 (Code of

Agrarian Reform) and RA No. 6390 of
1971 - Created the Department of
Agrarian Reform and the Agrarian
Reform Special Account Fund. It
strengthen the position of farmers and
expanded the scope of agrarian reform.
 Presidential Decree No. 2,
September 26, 1972 - Declared the
country under land reform
program. It enjoined all agencies
and offices of the government to
extend full cooperation and
assistance to the DAR. It also
activated the Agrarian Reform
Coordinating Council.
 Presidential Decree No. 27,
October 21, 1972 - Restricted
land reform scope to tenanted
rice and corn lands and set
the retention limit at 7
hectares.
 CONDITION OF THE
PHILIPPINES
• Democracy was restored after the reign of Ferdinand
Marcos and the declaration of the Martial Law.

• A series of natural disasters hit the country such as the

1990 earthquake, the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, and a
series of Typhoons.

• There have been many coup d’état attempts and uprisings.

• Brownouts were very frequent and would last for about 12

hours.
PROMISES DURING THE ELECTIONS AND
INAUGURATION
a.) erosion of our sense of nation

b.) to create jobs and livelihood

c.) deliver social services

d.) bring about peace and order

e.) improve the lives of all our people

f.) mobilize the spirit of volunteerism

 LAWS AND PROGRAMS
a.) Restoration of democracy
-abolished the legislature
-declared a revolutionary government
-wrote a new constitution (1987 Constitution)

b.) Land Reform

c.) Free secondary schooling

d.) Proclamation No.9
Cory issues Proclamation No. 9 which
provides for the creation of a Constitutional
Commission (Concom) to draft a new charter
“truly reflective of the ideals and aspirations of
the Filipino People,” on or before September 2
of the same year. She appoints 48 men and
women, led former justice Cecilia Muñoz
Palma, to be members of the Concom.
e.) Proclamation No. 1
Cory, in her inaugural address, issues her
first edict: Proclamation No. 1 calling all
appointive public officials to submit their
courtesy resignations. In her speech, she
proceeded to reorganize the government
issuing Executive Order No. 1—appointing
Cabinet ministers and task forces to help
her run the government.
f.) Proclamation No.3
One month after assuming the presidency,
Cory issues Proclamation No. 3, proclaiming
her government a “revolutionary government.”
With this, she suspends the 1973 Constitution
installed during martial law and promulgates a
provisional “Freedom Constitution,” which
vests legislative making powers on her,
pending the enactment of the new constitution.
g.) Executive Order No.88
Cory issues Executive Order 48:
Creating an Ad Hoc Special Committee
to supervise the liquidation of the
affairs of the Constitutional
Commission of 1986, preservation of
its records, and to undertake its
constitutional education campaign.
h.) United States trading in the
First Philippine Fund Inc.
On November 9, she opens United States
trading in the First Philippine Fund Inc. She
later spoke at a meeting of the United States
Chamber of Commerce and the United
States-Philippine Business Committee,
where she urged American business to
increase its investment in the Philippines.
i.) Ratification of a 1991 Treaty
A president must also learn how to bow to the
inevitable, as Cory had to do with the negotiations on
the renewal of the US lease on its military bases in
the Philippines. After keeping her options open, she
signaled her support for the ratification of a 1991
treaty allowing the Americans continued access to
the installation for ten years, with the option to
renew for another ten. The Senate voted 12-11
against the agreement and the Americans were out
of the country by 1992.
j.) Administrative Code of 1987
Establishes the various Cabinet
departments and offices falling within the
executive branch of government, and
under the direct control and supervision of
the President. The Code also prescribes
the administrative procedure undertaken
in proceedings before the offices under the
executive department.
• Executive Order No. 228, July 16,
1987 – Declared full ownership to
qualified farmer-beneficiaries covered
by PD 27. It also determined the value
remaining unvalued rice and corn
lands subject of PD 27 and provided for
the manner of payment by the FBs and
mode of compensation to landowners.
• Executive Order No. 229, July 22, 1987 –
Provided mechanism for the implementation of
the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
(CARP).
• Proclamation No. 131, July 22, 1987 –
Instituted the CARP as a major program of the
government. It provided for a special fund
known as the Agrarian Reform Fund (ARF), with
an initial amount of Php50 billion to cover the
estimated cost of the program from 1987-1992.
• Executive Order No. 129-A, July 26, 1987 –
streamlined and expanded the power and
operations of the DAR.
• Republic Act No. 6657, June 10, 1988
(Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law) – An
act which became effective June 15, 1988 and
instituted a comprehensive agrarian reform program
to promote social justice and industrialization
providing the mechanism for its implementation and
for other purposes. This law is still the one being
implemented at present.
• Executive Order No. 405, June 14, 1990 –
Vested in the Land Bank of the Philippines the
responsibility to determine land valuation and
compensation for all lands covered by CARP.

• Executive Order No. 407, June 14, 1990 –

Accelerated the acquisition and distribution of
agricultural lands, pasture lands, fishponds,
agro-forestry lands and other lands of the
public domain suitable for agriculture.
BENEFICIARIES OF THE LAWS AND
PROGRAMS
• The Common People
Because they were just coming out of the
Marcos Regime. They were looking for democracy
and freedom.
• Corporate Owners of the Lands (Agrarian Reform)
There were holes in the law which made it
possible for the companies to distribute stocks
instead of land ownership to the farmers.
 HOLES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF THE
LAWS
She wasn’t really able to solve the
country’s problems by implementing all
that she promised because she was
constantly distracted by coups that
threatened the country and her
administration. She focused a lot on
disaster management but it was
necessary for her to keep the peace.
 Issues and
Controversies
Summary of
Governance