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SPECTROPHOTOMETER
Theory of light
• Light is electromagnetic radiation that is visble to
the human eye, and is responsible for the sense of
light
• Visible light- 380-740 nanometres- between the
invisible infrared with longer wavelengths and the
invisible ultraviolet with shorter wavelengths.
• Light is emitted and absorbed in tiny “packets”
called photons, and exhibits the properties of both
waves and particles. This property is referred to as
the “wave particle duality”
• The study of lights is known as optics
Electromagnetic Radiation
• Electromagnetic radiation is a type of energy
that is transmitted through space as a traverse
wave at enormous velocity
• It takes numerous forms known as
electromagnetic spectrum.
• The electromagnetic spectrum include gamma
ray, ultraviolet (UV), visible, infrared (IR),
microwave and radio wave radiation
Spectroscopy – Radiation Terminology
• Wavelength (λ)- the length between two
equivalent points on successive waves
• Wavenumber (n)- the number of waves in a
unit length or distance per cycle
• Frequency (μ)- is the number of oscillations of
the field per second (Hz)
• Velocity- independent of wavelength – in
vacuum is 3.00 x 108 m/s
Colors and Wavelengths
Properties of electromagnetic
radiation(EMR)
1. Wave Properties
The wave is described ether in terms of its
wavelength(λ), or in terms of the frequency(μ), the
number of oscillation of the field per second.
Effect of Medium on a Light wave
2. Particle Properties
• EMR can be viewed as a stream of discrete
wave packets of distinct particles called photons
• The energy E of photon depends upon the
frequency of the radiation
E = hv
h = Planck’s constant
v = frequency of the radiation
• Energy is inversely proportional to wavelength
What are the basic properties of light?