PHYSICS 2

MIDTERM REVIEW
Date: 23/03/2019
 Chapter 1 : FLUID MECHANICS
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 Chapter 1 : Fluids Mechanics

Pressure at depth h :
p = p0 + ρgh ; with pgauge = ρgh

❖ Note : pgauge is the addition pressure of the system relative to

atmospheric pressure ( the excess pressure above atm pressure)

Atmospheric pressure at h above level 1 (y=0)

patm = p0 – ρairgh ; with p0 = 1.01 x 105 Pa
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 Chapter 1 : Fluids Mechanics
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 Chapter 1 : Fluids Mechanics
Archimede’s Principle :
Fb = ρfluidgV
❖Note : V is volume of water displaced by the object .
Apparent weight in Fuild :
weightapp = weightactual – Fb
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 Chapter 1 : Fluids Mechanics
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 Chapter 1 : Fluids Mechanics
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 Chapter 2 : Heat , Temperature and 1st
law of Thermodynamic
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 Chapter 2 : Heat , Temperature and 1st
law of Thermodynamic
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 Chapter 2 : Heat , Temperature and 1st
law of Thermodynamic
Heat :
For the energy transferred between a system and
its environment or 2 systems , we have :
Q absorb = – Q release

Unit of heat : - SI : joule (J)

- Calorie (cal) – 1cal = 4.1868 J
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 Chapter 2 : Heat , Temperature and 1st
law of Thermodynamic
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 Chapter 2 : Heat , Temperature and 1st
law of Thermodynamic
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 Chapter 2 : Heat , Temperature and 1st
law of Thermodynamic
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Chapter 2 : Heat , Temperature and 1st
law of Thermodynamic
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 Chapter 2 : Heat , Temperature and 1st
law of Thermodynamic
First law of thermodynamics :
∆Eint = Eint,f – Eint,i = Q – W
❖Note :
+ ∆Eint does not depend on the path taken, depend on
the initial and final states.
+ W : work done by gas ; Won : work done on the system.

Won = – W
+ To the gas / receive / absorb : Q > 0

+ Form the gas / release / lose : Q <0

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 Chapter 2 : Heat , Temperature and 1st
law of Thermodynamic
First law of thermodynamics :
∆Eint = Eint,f – Eint,i = Q – W
Special case :
⮚ Adiabatic processes : Q = 0 → ∆Eint = – W
⮚Isochoric (V constant) processes : W = 0 → ∆Eint = Q
⮚Cyclical processes ( Ei = Ef ) : ∆Eint = 0 → Q = W
⮚Free expansion : Q = W = 0 → ∆Eint = 0
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 Chapter 2 : Heat , Temperature and 1st
 law of Thermodynamic

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 QUESTIONS

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1. A man with the passion of Physics gives his son four cases, do by
himself, of the pressure exerted on the ground to determine which is
the largest. Unfortunately, his son is ***** and don’t know the answer
☹. Let help him by choosing the correct answer .
a) He stands with both feet flat on the ground.
b) He stands with one foot flat on the ground.
c) He kneels with both knees on the ground.
d) He stands with the toes of one foot on the ground then cries
because of broken toes ☹ .

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2. Which one of the following statements best describes the
pressure in a static, homogeneous liquid ?
a) The pressure is the same at all points in the fluid.
b) The pressure is not dependent on the atmospheric pressure
exerted at the surface of the liquid.
c) At a given depth in the liquid, the pressure is the same at all
points at that depth.
d) The pressure depends on the type of liquid. The denser the
liquid is, the smaller the pressure will be.

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3. Consider the drawing of the liquid within the U-shaped tube that
has both sides open at the top. Is this fluid in equilibrium?
a) Yes, the fluid must be in equilibrium.
b) No, side A should be lower than side B.
c) No, side B should be lower than side A
d) No, both sides should be at the same height.
e) Hah , ez , I don’t know hihi <3 .

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4.Oil is flowing through a tube that has two different cross-sectional
areas as shown in the drawing. At position A where the radius of
the tube is 7.0 cm, the mass flow rate of the oil is 0.025 kg/s.
What is the mass flow rate at position B where the radius of the
tube is 3.5 cm?

a) 0.013 kg/s
b) 0.025 kg/s → Mass flow rate is constant !!!!!
c) 0.038 kg/s
d) 0.050 kg/s
e) 0.10 kg/s
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

– with Fg = mIg = ρIVIg

Fb = ρWgVα

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6. A pendulum consist of a brass sphere with a diameter of 35 cm suspended form a steel cable 10.5 m long ( both
measured at 20oC ) . The swing sphere clears the floor by the distance of only 2 mm when the temperature is
20oC. At what temperature will the sphere begin to brush the floor ?

Coefficients of linear expansion of brass and steel are 2x10-5 K-1 ; 1.2x10-5 K-1
SOLUTION
Let T be the temperature we have to find .
The sphere begin the brush the floor when :
∆L = ∆Lsphere + ∆Lcable = Lsphereαsphere∆T + Lcableαcable∆T
↔ 2x10-3 = 35 x 10-2 x 2 x 10-5 x (T-20) + 10.5 x 1.2 x 10-5 x (T-20)
↔ 2x10-3 = 1.33 x 10-4 x (T-20 )
↔ T = 35oC

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+ Q : heat of vaporization Q = Lv x m = 2.26 x 106 x 1 x 10-3 = 2260 J

+ W : work done by water vaporizes W = 168.67 J
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

Q1 : ice increase form -20oC to 0oC

Q2 : change phase form ice to water
Q3 : water increase form 0oC to 30oC

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+Q1 : heat of fusion

+Q2 : heat of water form 0oC to 100oC
+Q3 : heat of vaporization

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12. A water hose 2.00 cm in diameter is used to fill a 20.0-L bucket. If it takes 1.00 min to fill the bucket, what is the
speed at which water moves through the hose?
SOLUTION
Let v be the speed we find .
A be the area of a water hose
∆V be amount of volume that hose fills
∆t be the time it takes
In 60 seconds a water hose fills a 20 L bucket so we have :
∆V = Av∆t
→ 20 x 10-3 = π x (1 x 10-2)2 x v x 60
→ v = 1.06 (m/s)

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

Hihi, Did you get a trick ??

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15. A steel ball bearing is 4.000 cm in diameter at 20.0°C. A bronze plate has a hole in it that is 3.994 cm in diameter at
20.0°C. What common temperature must they have so that the ball just squeezes through the hole?
Linear expansion coefficient of bronze and steel :19x10-6 K-1 and 11x10-6 K-1
SOLUTION
Let T be the temperature we find.
The steel ball squeezes through the hole when they have the same diameter after expansion at T.
Therefore, we have : Dball = Dhole
↔ 4.000 + 4.000 x 11 x 10-6 x (T – 20) = 3.994 + 3.994 x 19 x 10-6 x (T – 20)
↔ T = 208oC

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16.The change in the internal energy of the gas as it moves from a to c along the path abc is -200J. As it moves from c
to d, 180J must be transferred to it as heat. An additional transfer of 80 J to it as heat is needed as it moves from d to
a. How much work is done on the gas as it moves from c to d?
SOLUTION
According to the figure we have :
∆Eint,abcd = ∆Eint,abc + ∆Eint,cda = 0 (close cycle)
–200 + ∆Eint,cda = 0 → ∆Eint,cda = 200 (J)
For path cda :
Qcda = Qcd + Qda = 180 + 80 = 260 (J)
Wcda = Wcd + Wda = Wcd + 0 =Wcd ( d→a volume constant)
∆Eint,cda = Qcda – Wcda = Qcda – Wcd = 260 – Wcd = 200 (J)
→ Wcd = 60 (J)

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

TH = 80oC Tc = 30oC
L L
kgold ksliver

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 REFERENCES

Slides form Assoc.Prof. Phan Bao

Ngoc
Slides ; extra problems form Dr.Do
Xuan Hoi
Fundamental of Physics 9th Edition
ebook.
http://faculty.kfupm.edu.sa/PHYS/a
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