Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
• E. Esophagus- long muscular tube that moves food through peristalsis. The
lumen is typically collapsed.
• 1. Gross anatomy- It extends from the laryngopharyx, through the thorax, exits via
the esophageal hiatus, and meets the stomach at the cardiac orifice. The cardiac
sphincter controls the entering and exiting of substances into/ out of the stomach.
Intestinal crypts contain cells that produce digestive juice in the small
intestine and stem cell replace the epithelium every 3-6 days.
Duodenal glands also secrete a solution that neutralizes stomach
acid.
H. Large intestine- Area where food remains for 12-24 hours. Some absorption and
digestion occurs (by bacteria) it is primarily designed to reabsorb water and electrolytes.
1. Gross anatomy- It is wider than the small intestine but shorter. It is divided into the
cecum (opening of ileum to large intestine, has iliocecal valve), the vermiform appendix
(opens to the cecum, contains lymphoid tissue), the colon (has at least four sections),
the rectum (has rectal valves that prevent feces from being passed along with gas) and
the anal canal (external to abdominal pelvic cavity, has external anal canal). The
sections of the colon and bends are: ascending colon, right colic (hepatic) flexure,
transverse colon, left colic (splenic) flexure, descending colon, and sigmoid colon and
rectum. Some of the feature are: the teniae coli (longitudincal strips that run along the
colon), the haustra (pockets or sacs) and the epiploic appendages (hanging fat filled
pouches)
2. Microscopic anatomy- has
no villi or microvilli, has
intestinal crypts with goblet
cells that provide mucus to
lubricate the feces. Stem cells
are present to fully replace the
epithelium every week. Has
more lymphoid tissue than
other GI tract organs. At the
anal canal the epithelium
changes to stratified squamous
and eventually merges with true
skin surrounding the anus.
Rectum and anal canal Defication Reflex
• I. Liver- considered the largest gland, it performs over 500 functions
that influence several systems beside the digestive system. In
regards to the digestive system it produces bile. A substance that
emulsifies fat and makes it accessible to fat digesting enzymes. The
liver is involved in balancing blood glucose levels, it responds to
hormones, and clears toxins or drugs from the blood and makes
blood proteins.
• Ventral Mesenteries-
1) falciform ligament- connects liver to anterior wall
2) lesser omentum- runs from the liver to the lesser
curvature
• Dorsal Mesenteries-
• 1) Greater omentum- from the greater curvature to the
posterior wall, however it also connect to the
intestines. It also holds a lot of fat
2) Mesentery proper- support and hold the jejunum and ileum.