Sambungan Las

Keuntungan Las
• Murah
• Tidak ada samb. yang longgar
 Kerugian Las
• Menghasilkan konsentrasi tegangan
• Perubahan bentuk
• Tidak dapat di bongkar
• Terjadi perubahan struktur material
 Persoalan Las
• Prasyarat
– Hati-hati dalam design
– Kemampuan Welder
• Dapat Menyebabkan
– Melemahkan sambungan
– Penyimpangan akibat panas
– Terjadi perubahan heat treatment
 Welding References
• AWS (American Welding Society)
• Lincoln Electric
• ASME Codes & Standards
– Pressure Vessels & Piping
– Nuclear Installations
– Safety Codes
– Performance Test Codes
Bonded Joints (thin members)
Good Practices
 Type las busur
• Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) (stick
welding) - manual process.
• Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) (metal-
inert gas MIG)
• Gas Tungsten arc welding (GTAW)
(Tungsten-inert gas TIG)
• Flux-core arc welding (FCAW)
• Submerged arc welding (SAW)
Simbol Lasan
Beberapa samb las busur
Weld Symbols
Contoh Las Butt
Lap Joints
Tee Joints
Sifat Elektroda
(Menurut AWS)
Table 1 AWS Specifications for welding
electrodes[1]
AWS # Yield Strength [ksi] Principal alloy Remarks

6010 66.5 Mn, Si Piping, ships, structures

7018 73.7 Mn, Si For harder steels

8010 80-90 Mn, Si Pipelines

10018 95.9 Mn, Ni, Mo To weld manganese steel

308-15 65 Cr, Ni, Mn For stainless steel

316-L15 68 Cr, Ni, Mn, Mo For stainless steel

[1] From Edwards & McKee, page 565, referenced to Hobard Brothers
 Table 2: AWS Fillet Weld Allowable Shear
Stress (Strength)
Base Metal (ASTM) Yield Strength [ksi] Electrode Allowable shear
stress [ksi]
A500 A AWS E60XX 18.0

A36, 53B 36 AWS 70XX 21.0

A572 50 AWS 80XX 24.0

A514 (>2.5in) 100 AWS 90XX 27.0

A514 (>2.5in) AWS E100XX 30.0

A514 (<2.5in) AWS E110XX 33.0

 Table 3 Allowable stress on welds (AISC)[1]
Type of Weld Allowable stress

Complete-penetration groove welds

Tension Same as base metal

Compression Same as base metal

Shear 0.30 Sut, except shear stress on base metal < 0.4 Sy
(yield strength of base metal)
Partial-penetration groove welds

Tension normal to effective area 0.30 Sut, except tensile stress on base metal shall not
exceed 0.60 Sy
Fillet Welds

Shear on effective area 0.30 Sut, except shear stress on base metal shall not
exceed 0.40 Sy

AISC {American Institute for Steel Construction} allows designers to utilize the ultimate
strength of the base metal in tension or compression, if filler metal of matching composition
and strength is used.

[1] Edwards & McKee, page 566

Catatan
• AWS = The American Wedding Society
• E 60 xx
• E menunjukan elektroda
• 60 menunjukan kekuatan tarik
• x pertama menunjukan posisi pengelasan, mis :
mendatar, tegak lurus
• x kedua menunjukan teknik pengelasan, mis : suplai
arus dsb.
 Electrode Designation

E6010 Wssspc
E - Arc Welding Electrode
Sss - minimum ultimate strength (60ksi)
P - position
1 - all position
2 - horizontal, fillet, flat
4 - flat, horizontal, overhead, and vertical down
8 - flat, uphill.
c - coating and weld current
0 - cellulose sodium coating/direct current/electrode positive
 Tegangan yang diijinkan untuk pengelasan logam
berdasarkan kode/ standard AISC

Tipe Beban Tipe Las Tegangan Yang Diijinkan

Tarik Butt 0,6 y

Lentur Butt 0,6 y – 0,66 y

Kompress Butt 0,6 y
Geser Butt atau fillet 0,4 y
 Loading Direction

Parallel
Direction of load is the same as the major axis of the weld
Transverse
Major axis of the weld is perpendicular to the direction of loading.
Machine Frames and Structures
Some of the more important design parameters include:

Strength
Appearance
Corrosion resistance
Size
Vibration limitation
Stiffness
Cost to manufacture
Weight
Noise reduction
Life
 Weld Size

Leg Length (width)

at
hro
T

Leg

Throat – this the dimension used for weld stress analysis.

It is the thickness of the weld fillet at a 45 angle to the fillet leg.
 BUTT AND FILLET WELDS
Butt Welds F

hL

F

hL

Fillet Welds
• Throat area == DB (L) = hL cos 45o = 0.707 hL
F F F
x      x cos 45 
o

A 0.707 hL hL
Teg Normal Maks
2 2
F  F  F  F
1         1.618
2hL  2hL   hL  hL
Teg Geser Maks

2 2
 F  F  F
   
    1.118
 2 hL   hL  hL
• Average shear stress
F F
   1.414
0.707hL hL

• This shear stress gives a shear stress

1.414/1.118 = 1.26 times greater than
given by equation
Samb Las Fillet Berdasarkan Beban
Las Fillet Pada Beban Puntir
Beban Puntir
Contoh Soal
Las Fillet Pada Beban Bending
 Gaya geser V menghasilkan tegangan geser

V
 
'
where A = total throat area.
A
Moment Mz menghasilkan tegangan normal bending pada las.

Mc Md 1,414 M
   2
2

I bd bdh
0,707 h
2

Cari Teg Normal Maks dan Teg Geser Maks

 Kekuatan Fatik Las
• Biasanya material las lebih kuat dari plat
• Munculnya crack terjadi pada daerah HAZ