DIFFERENT TYPES OF

VARIABLES
VARIABLES
A variable refers to factors and
conditions that can change during
the course of experiment.

A variable is a central concept in

research.
It is anything that may assume
varied numerical or categorical
values.
Qualitative Variable or Categorical
Variable
- These are variables whose data are
non-numeric and whose observation vary
in kind but not in degree.

Quantitative Variable or Continuous

Variable
-These are variables whose data
are counts or numerical measurements.
1. Nominal Variable 2.Ordinal Variable
- a variable with no -Variables where
quantitative value. It there is a meaningful
has 2 or more order or categories that
categories but does not can be rank.
imply ordering of cases.
Example:
Examples: “Not Very Much”
gender- male or female “Much”
civil status- single, “ Very Much”
married
Two types of Quantitative Variable
1. Discrete Variables - quantitative variables whose
observations can assume only a countable numbers and
values cannot take the decimal form .
Examples:
number of children in the family
number of students in the class

2. Continuous Variables - quantitative variables whose

observations can assume any one of the countless number
of values in a line interval
Examples: height- 5 feet, 4.6 inches weight- 115 lbs , 168kgs
Interval Variable
- a measurement where the
difference between two values does
have meaning.

Examples:
The difference between a
temperature of 60 degrees and 50
degrees is the same difference as
between 30 degrees and 20 degrees,
Ratio Variable
- The highest level of
measurement that possesses the
properties of interval variable and has
a clear definition of zero.
- Both the differences and the
ration of two values are meaningful
and there is always an absolute zero
that is meaningful.
1. Independent Variable
The independent variable is a variable in research
that causes a change on other variables. It is the variable
you control. It is called independent because its value
does not depend on and is not affected by the state of
any other variable in the experiment.
2. Dependent Variable
- The dependent variable is the condition that
you measure in an experiment. You are assessing how it
responds to a change in the independent variable, so
you can think of it as depending on the independent
variable. "responding variable."
 1. In a study to determine whether how long
a student sleeps affects test scores, the
independent variable is the length of time spent
sleeping while the dependent variable is the test
score.

2. You want to compare brands of paper

towels, to see which holds the most liquid. The
independent variable in your experiment would
be the brand of paper towel. The dependent
variable would be the amount of liquid absorbed
by a paper towel.