NETWORK ENGINEERING

LTE Handover Feature

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 Introduction
Technical Description Table of contents
Intra-frequency Handover

HOSR optimization actions

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Objectives

• Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

- Describe the type of handover in LTE
- Describe the feature and parameters for intra-frequency handover
- Describe the feature and parameters for inter-frequency handover
- Describe the feature and parameters for inter-RAT handover
- List relevant counters for handover

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Contents

1. Technical Description
2. Intra-frequency Handover
3. HOSR optimization actions

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Mobility Management Overview

Mobility Management

Idle State Connected State

Cell Reselection Handover Redirection

Intra- Inter- Inter-RAT

frequency frequency
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Redirection Introduction

• Redirection is the substitute solution for handover ,used in

the following scenario:
- UE or network doesn’t support handover
- There is no neighbor relation
• When redirection is triggered, eNodeB sends the UE an
“RRC Connection Release” message which contains
information about a neighboring frequency in the LTE
system or in another RAT system.

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Handover Procedure & Entities

UE Capability UE Measurement

UE Capability Handling

Gap pattern control

Xxx Based Trigger Measurement Handling
MRO

Blind
Handover Neighbor Cell
Candidate Cell Filter Handover Decision Management

eNodeB
Handover
Handover Execution Entities

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Handover Trigger Scenarios

Handover Type Measurement Trigger

Intra-frequency The measurement configuration is performed when the UE
establishes a radio bearer. The UE performs intra-frequency
Coverage measurements by default.
based
Inter-frequency The eNodeB delivers the measurement configuration to the UE
Inter-RAT when the signal quality in the serving cell is lower than the
associated threshold.
Load Inter-frequency The measurements are triggered by the Mobility Load Balancing
based Inter-RAT (MLB) algorithm.
Frequency- Inter-frequency The measurements are triggered by A1 event
priority-
based
Service Inter-RAT The eNodeB triggers the measurements after it finds that only the
based Inter-frequency voice service is running on the UE.
UL service Inter-RAT The eNodeB triggers the measurement after it detects UL power
quality Inter-frequency insufficient at the UE
Based
Distance Inter – frequency The measurements are triggered by distance if it is more than the
based Inter -RAT specific threshold

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Measurement Control Information

RRC Reconfiguration Message

• eNodeB should deliver all the

measurement control parameters to UE
via RRC reconfiguration, including
measurement object, report configuration,
measurement ID and filter configuration .
• Besides, for inter-frequency/inter-RAT
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measurement, it also includes gap
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Measurement Object – Frequency

Parameters Description
DlEarfcn Indicates the DL EARFCN of the inter-frequency E-
UTRAN cell
MeasBandWidt Indicates the measurement bandwidth for inter/intra-
h frequency neighboring cells
QoffsetFreq Indicates the frequency offset of the inter-frequency
neighboring cell
neighCellConfig Indicate whether all the neighbor have the same
configuration or not
PresenceAnten Indicates whether all of the inter-frequency neighboring
naPort1 cells are configured with the double-TX antenna.
High priority If we configure some specific neighbors as high
neighbor cell list measurement priority, then eNodeB will deliver these
(Optional) cells information as well .(New introduced in eRAN6.0)

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Event Triggered Report

Events Threshold Action

A1 Signal quality in the serving cell is higher than a The eNodeB stops inter-frequency
specified threshold or inter-RAT measurements.
A2 Signal quality in the serving cell is lower than a The eNodeB starts inter-frequency
specified threshold or inter-RAT measurements
A3 Signal quality in at least one intra-frequency/inter- Source eNodeB sends an intra-
frequency neighboring cell is higher than that in frequency/inter-frequency handover
the serving cell request.
A4 Signal quality is higher than a specified threshold Source eNodeB sends an inter-
in at least one inter-frequency neighboring cell frequency handover request.

A5 A2 + A4 (New events in eRAN3.0) Source eNodeB sends an inter-

frequency handover request.
B1 Signal quality is higher than a specified threshold source eNodeB sends an inter-RAT
in at least one inter-RAT neighboring cell handover request.

B2 A2 + B1 source eNodeB sends an inter-RAT

handover request.

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Measurement Gap Configuration

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Measurement Filleting Operation

• A: Measurement value at the physical

layer
• B: Measurement value obtained after L1
filtering.
• C :Measurement value obtained after L3
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filtering.
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eNodeB Neighbor Management

cdma2000 Intra-
frequency
neighbor
UMTS
Neighbor Inter-
Black
Cell Neighbor frequency
Management neighbor
Inter-RAT
neighbor
LTE2.6G
GSM
Neighbor
Black cell
LTE2.6G

LTE 800M

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Contents

1. Technical Description
2. Intra-frequency Handover
3. Inter-frequency Handover
4. Inter-RAT Handover

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Intra-frequency Handover Procedure

Measurement Triggers eNodeB Makes Decision eNodeB Performs

(Coverage Based) Handover
Measurement Configuration Event Triggered Periodical Admission Procedure
message Reporting Signaling Procedure Execution
Measurement RSRP/RSRQ
Intra-eNodeB cell has higher Retry Mechanism (attempt to
Event A3
priority to reduce Inter-eNodeB next target cell in measurement
Black cell list
signaling or data forwarding. report list)
If criteria is matched, UE sends
Via S1 or X2
measurement report.

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Intra-Frequency Measurement Trigger

• After UE attachment, eNodeB sends RRC reconfiguration

message which includes intra-frequency measurement
control info which assist UE to perform intra-frequency
measurement It contains all the intra-
frequency measurement and
report configuration,
including A1(optional),
A2(optional) and
A3(mandatory) event.

Trace from eNodeB

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Element Introduction – Measurement Object

Optional part

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Element Introduction – Report Configuration

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Element Introduction – Measurement ID

• Based on the object and report

configuration, eNodeB creates one or
more measurement ID linked with object
ID and report ID. And this ID should be
also included in the UE report, so eNodeB
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can differentiate each reports
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Element Introduction – Filter Configuration

• This filtering is performed by RRC, smoothing

measurement to resist fast fading effect. A larger
value of this parameter indicates a stronger
smoothing effect and higher resistance to fast
fading, but it may weaken the tracing capability
towards varying signals

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Event A3 Measurement Report

• Intra-frequency handover is triggered by

event A3, which is reported in event-
triggered periodical reporting mode.
- Enter condition: Mn + Ofn + Ocn – Hys > Ms +
Ofs + Ocs + A3Off
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- Leave condition: Mn + Ofn + Ocn + Hys < Ms +
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Measurement Report

How to differentiate each

measurement report??

• In the measurement report, it shows the

ID to indicate the type of report
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Handover Decision – Filtering List

Obtain candidate list

Measurement
Report Decide target cell

• After receive measurement report, eNodeB

makes candidate list after filtering the
following
- Neighboring cells that have a different PLMN from
the serving cell if the inter-PLMN
- Neighboring cells with a handover prohibition flag
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Handover Decision – Target Decision

• After get candidate list, eNodeB will rank the list with the
following priority:
- The best RSRP/RSRQ neighbor cell
- Intra-eNodeB neighbor cell if reported result is the same
- Inter-eNdoeB neighbor cell with X2 interface if reported result is the
same.
• The eNodeB then sends a handover request to the target
cell at the top of the candidate cell list.If the handover
request fails, the eNodeB sends the handover request to
the next target cell.
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Handover Execution – S1/X2 Adaption

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Retry and Penalty

• If admission failure with target eNodeB, source eNodeB will try

the next target until it gets succeed feedback from it. If all the
target are failed for handover preparation, source eNodeB will
wait for the next UE report.
• The eNodeB imposes a penalty on a cell where a non-resource-
induced admission failure has occurred. In a handover attempt,
the eNodeB does not send a handover request to such a cell.
This increases the handover success rate and reduces the
number ofdropped calls caused by handover failures.

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Measurement Report

• This command is used to modify the

parameters for measurement report

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A3 Event Parameters – Cell Offset

Evaluate neighbor
cell measurement

Evaluate serving
cell measurement

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A3 Event Parameters – Service Based

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