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2
Forces of attraction
It’s these forces of attraction that ultimately determine
How easy or difficult it is for Gases to coalesce into
Liquids and liquids to
solidify into solids.
These forces of
attraction will, for
example, determine
a liquids boiling point.
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Forces of Attraction
What are the forces of attraction we’re talking about?
2. Dipole-Dipole force
3. Hydrogen bond
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Intermolecular Forces of Attraction
Intermolecular forces hold molecules
together in the Solid & Liquid phase &
Allow gases to condense on cooling.
???
For example: Ne, Kr, H2, O2, N2, S8, C3H8, CCl4, CO2
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Dispersion forces
Induced Dipole forces become stronger the larger the
Atom or Molecule.
Low BP Higher BP
Low dispersion force higher dispersion force
N2, O2
O2 – Higher MW B.P: O2 -183.0 C / N2 -195.6 C
larger molecule
Ne, Kr
Kr - Higher MW B.P: Kr -152.9 C / Ne -245.9 C
Larger Atom
F2, Cl2
Cl2 – Higher MW B.P: Cl2 -34.6 C / F2 -187 C
Larger Molecule
An example of a
Polar molecule is HCl
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Dipole-Dipole Forces
Dipole- Dipole forces are stronger than London
dispersion forces (<1 Kcal vs. 2-5 Kcal)
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Hydrogen Bond Forces
The hydrogen bond is a special form of the
Dipole-Dipole force, its not really a true chemical bond.
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Water Alignment during formation
of the H-Bond
B.P
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