Escolar Documentos
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Supporting Tissues
Learning Objectives
• Review of Tooth and Its Supporting Tissues.
• Review of Dental Arches.
• Primary Epithelial Band.
• Dental Lamina.
• Vestibular Lamina.
• Stages of Tooth Development
Bud stage
Cap stage
Bell stage
Primary Epithelial Band
• 37th day of development
• A continuous band of thickened
epithelium forms around mouth in
presumptive upper and lower jaw.
• Horse shoe shaped.
• Corresponds in position to the future
dental arches of both upper and lower
jaw.
Epithelial Band
Epithelial
band
Ectomesenchymal
cell
• This band is the result of:
• Increased proliferative activity within
epithelium
• Change in orientation of mitotic spindle
• Cleavage plane of dividing cells
Division of Primary Epithelial Band
Vestibular
Dental lamina
lamina
Shortly after
Forms first dental
lamina
Vestibule of
Tooth
mouth
DENTAL LAMINA
Continuous Series of
On Site of
and epithelial
anterior position of
localized outgrowth
aspect of future
proliferative into the
dental deciduous
activity ectomesen
lamina teeth
occur chyme
Vestibule between
check and tooth Form a cleft Degenerate
bearing area
Initiation of Tooth Development
• Signals mediating initial steps in tooth development
• Early mesenchymal marker for tooth formation are:
Lim-homeobox* domain genes. Lhx-6, Lhx-7
• Expressed in neural crest derived ectomesenchyme on oral half of first branchial arch at
day 9.
• Paired box homeotic gene(TF)
• Define localization of tooth germs.
• More than 90 genes have been identified from oral, dental epithelium and dental
mesenchyme during initial tooth development.
* Any of several genes that shares a common sequence of DNA and are involved in regulation of
morphogenesis
Genes expressed during tooth development
Tooth type determination
• Determination of specific tooth
types at their correct positions in
the jaw is called Patterning Patterning
of the dentition. of Dentition
• Two hypothetical models.
FIELD CLONE
MODEL MODEL
FIELD MODEL
• Statement
• Factors responsible for tooth shape
resides within the ectomesenchyme
in distinct graded and overlapping
fields for each tooth family.
• Each field expresses different
combination of patterning homeobox
genes support this theory.
• Epithelial FGF-8, BMP-4 induce
expression of genes in underlying
mesenchyme.
Odontogenic Homeobox Code Model
CANINE &
INCISORS MOLARS
PREMOLARS
Msx-1,
Dlx-1/-2 Barx-1
Msx-2
Msx-1 Dlx-1/-2
Alx-3
CLONE MODEL
• Statement
Each tooth class is derived from a clone of ectomesenchymal
cells which are programmed by epithelium to produce teeth of a given
pattern.
A. Molar clone C. Next tooth bud is
ectomesenchyme B. After clone reaches
critical size initiated when progress
induce dental lamina to zone escape the
initiate tooth Tooth bud is initiated at influence of zone of
development its center inhibition
DEVELOPMENT OF TOOTH
Primary
epithelial band
Vestibular Dental
Lamina Lamina
BUD
vestibule
stage
CAP
stage
BELL
stage
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
Local grouping of
ectomesenchymal cells
which have failed to
produce extracellular
substance
b. Lateral lamina (successional lamina)
Tooth bud grows larger
On that point it is
connected to dental
lamina by an extension
LATERAL LAMINA
c. Enamel Organ
• Epithelial outgrowth resembles a
cap sitting on a ball of condensed
ectomesenchyme.
• Forms enamel of the tooth
Dental Papilla & Dental Follicle
• Condensed ectomesenchyme
Dental organ
or
Tooth germ
Dental Dental
papilla follicle or
sac
Cap stage tooth germ
Histodifferentiation
• A mass of similar epithelial cells transforms itself into
morphologically and functionally distinct component.
Synthesis and secrete
GAG hydrophilic and
Cells in the center of glyconsaminoglycans
pull water into
enamel organ extracellularly
enamel organ
between cells
Discrete cluster
of epithelial
cells
Some may
persist as Degenerate
normally
Epithelial Pearls
Supernumarary
Eruption cyst Odontomes
teeth
a
g
c
d
e
f
Folding of Inner Enamel Epithelium
This point is Site
of future cusp
Inner epithelial Mitotic division Cell division development
cells (intrinsic growth) ceases at a point
(growth center)
Followed by
Differentiation
deposition of Cells begin to
sweeps down
dentin and differentiate
the cusp slope
enamel
Folding of Inner Epithelial Cells
Reciprocal Induction
Inner Epithelial cells
Ameloblasts
ENAMEL
Induce undifferentiated
ectomesenchyme of odontoblasts
dental papilla
DENTIN
Hard Tissue Formation
• Histodifferentiation
• Inner Epithelial cells Ameloblasts
Enamel
• Dental papilla cells Odontoblasts
Dentin
• Polarized cell
• IEE cells reverse polarity Ameloblasts
• Embryonic base becomes functional apex
• Embryonic apex becomes Functional base
ROOT FORMATION
Cervical loop
• Point at which OEE and IEE cells
meet
Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath
• IEE and OEE cells proliferate
from cervical loop of enamel
organ to form double layer of
cells
• Single rooted tooth formation
• Hertwig’s sheath extend around dental
pulp between dental follicle and dental
pulp encloses all but basal portion
of the pulp.
• Rim of root sheath(epithelial
diaphragm) encloses primary
apical foramen.
• IEE initiate differentiation of
odontoblast from ectomesenchymal
cells at the periphery of dental papilla
and form dentin of the root.
Multirooted tooth
• Imagine root sheath as collar or skirt hanging from enamel organ.
• Two tongues of epithelium growing towards each other from this collar
• Primary apical foramen is converted into two secondary apical foramina.
• If three tongues are formed three secondary apical foramina form
• Formation of pulpo-periodontal canals at the site of fusion of epithelial
tongue.
Epithelial cell rests of malassez
Number of discrete
Hertwigs
Fragmentation cluster of epithelial
root sheath
cells form
Epithelial lining
of dental cyst
when
inflammation of
PDL occur
Tooth Eruption
Soon after root
formation
These epithelial
outgrowths along Gives epithelial
with outgrowth into
ectomesenchyme ectomesenchyme
form tooth bud
First molar
Second molar
Third molar
Timing of primary and permanent dentition
formation
Primary • Initiated Between 6th and 8th week of
Dentition embryonic development
Dental follicle
g
c
d
e
f
a
d b
f
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