Digital Printing

Worldwide

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Introduction
The history of printing started around 3000 BC with
the duplication of images. The use of round "cylinder
seals" for rolling an impress onto clay tablets goes back to
early Mesopotamian civilization before 3000 BC

The earliest woodblock printed fragments are from

China. They consist of printed flowers in three colours on
Gutenberg
silk. They are generally assigned to the Han dynasty so (1398M –1468M)
date before 220 BC.

In around 1439 Gutenberg was the first European to

use movable type printing, and the global inventor of the
printing press.

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Introduction
Courtesy Handbook of Printing Media

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Introduction
 Basis of Non Impact Printing
These processes are referred to as non-impact printing
technologies (NIP technologies), a designation that is
based on the early digitally and electronically
controlled
printing systems for outputting data by means of a matrix
printer in a computer center. In such matrix printers
the type is controlled electronically. The information
is transferred to the paper via an ink ribbon. Such
systems
have largely been superseded by electrophotographic
technologies, in which the information is no
longer transferred to the paper via type (for example a
daisy wheel) or needles (matrix printer) hitting a
transfer
medium, but is transferred to an intermediate carrier,
that is, a drum coated with a photoconductor layer,
via laser, which provides for a contact-free, non-impact
image transfer by photons. The (invisible) latent image
is stored on the intermediate carrier, inked by a special
type of ink (toner) and then transferred to the paper.
Therefore, there really is contact between the inked
carrier
storing the information and the paper, but the information
is not transferred by elements hitting a transfer
medium. This is where the designation “non-impact
printing technology” originates.

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Introduction
Digital Composition of
Printed Page
Digital systems of the prepress stage are used
to produce an exclusively
digital data file describing the entire singlecolor
or multicolor printing page (or sheet) with all its
images, text, and graphics. The print job is then
transmitted
to a computer to print system via a raster image
processor (RIP). In the computer to print system,
imaging
and printing operations are carried out according
to the respective non-impact printing technology.

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Introduction
Halftone dot consisting of pixels (picture elements)
at different resolutions (addressability)

a screen ruling of
167 μm (60 lines/cm
screen) and with varying
addressability,
an analog halftone dot is
represented by digitally
created pixels in a screen
cell. The higher the
resolution,
the more accurate the
contours.

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Introduction
Image structures generated on systems having
different addressability/resolutions

dot sizes and edges with

varying
resolution. Particularly
emphasizes that in
order to print solid areas, the
diameter of an individual
image dot must be greater
than the width of the
pixel cell (dot diameter =
screen ruling ¥ ÷`2). The
smallest pixel screen ruling
corresponds to the distance
between the pixels (pitch)

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Density modulation of the screen dots (pixels) by
varying the ink film thickness

can reproduce a wider tone range and a

wider
color space (gamut) than systems that
can only print
with two gray values (ink or no ink on the
paper). The density modulation for a pixel
of equal size is done by a varying ink film
thickness.
The creation of gray values within one
pixel cell can also
be achieved through variably sized pixels
or through
a combination of both effects (film
thickness and pixel
diameter).

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Relation between screen ruling, addressability,
and gray values in a digitally screened image

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 PROCESS STEPS
for a printing system based on non-impact printing technology

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 System
Concepts/Architecture
of Computer to Print
Systems

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Introduction
 Singlepass and Multipass
Systems
• Singlepass systems comprise a
separate printing unit (or a separate ink
transfer from the intermediate carrier
onto the substrate) for every color
• Multipass systems have only one
printing unit which is successively
connected to several inking units
corresponding to the different colors of
the color separations.
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Introduction
Multipass Systems

Multipass system for

multicolor printing
(satellite arrangement
of
the inking units); color
separations are
collected on a belt
acting as
an intermediate carrier
(NC 5006, Ricoh)

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Introduction
Multipass Systems

Multipass system for

multicolor printing
(carousel configuration
for
switching toner feed);
color separations are
collected on the
substrate
during four rotations of
the transfer drum for a
four-color
print (CLC 300,
Canon)

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Introduction
Multipass Systems

Multipass system for multicolor

printing with photoconductor belt
as an image carrier; color
separations are collected on an
intermediate
cylinder (BeamStar, Hitachi)

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Introduction
Multipass Systems

Multipass system for

multicolor printing
(satellite configuration
of
inking units); color
separations are
collected on the
imaging cylinder
and then transferred to
the paper (Matsuchita,
Konica, HP)

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Introduction
Multipass Systems

Multipass system for multicolor

printing with switchable feed of
liquid toners; color separations are
collected on the printing cylinder
while the printing sheet is held in
its position; toner transfer via
intermediate cylinder (E-Print
1000, Indigo)

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Singlepass Systems

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[1] Photoelectric Conversion

[11] Transfer belt cleaning

[2] IR image
processing [8] 1st Image transfer

[3] Printer image Y M C K [10] Paper separation

processing

[4] PC drum
[9] 2nd Image transfer
[5] PC drum charging

[13] PC drum cleaning

Y M C K

[6] Laser exposure [7] Developing [12] PC drum cleaning

Animation

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Introduction
 Inks for
Non-
Impact
Printing
Processes
• Toner

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• Inks for Ink Jet Processes

• Inks for Thermography

A characteristic feature is that in the thermal transfer and thermal sublimation processes the ink is
applied as a thin layer to a sheet or ribbon material

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Digital Printing

Proof Print
Design
Rip

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Production Print Application

Promotional
Publishing • Brochure General Office
• Books • Catalogs
• Business Card
• Greeting Card • Insert Coupon
• Presentation
• Directories • Poster
• CAD Drawing
• Magazines • Banner
• Proposal
• Manual • Signage
• Report
• Newspaper

Transaction
• Bill Statement
• Ticket
Consumer • Data Driven Report
• Fine Art
• Photo Related
Utility Packaging
• Identity Card • Box Cartons
• Forms • Labels

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Introduction
Thank’s
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Introduction