Measurement of pressure

Barometer
• Effect of mercury
Vapor pressure
• Effect of capillary
action
Aneroid Barometer
Bourdon gauge
 Manometers
Piezo meter
• It is device used measure the static pressure head of a
liquid flowing at any section of a pipe

• Pressure head at the level of the center of the pipe = h

 Limitations of Piezometer
• It is not suitable for measuring negative pressures.
• Piezometers cannot be employed when large
pressures in the lighter liquids are to be measured
• Gas pressures cannot be measured with
piezometers.
U-tube Manometer (Double column
manometer)
Characteristics of liquid used in U-tube Manometer:
• Viscosity should be low.
• Low surface tension is required.
• The liquid should stick on the walls.
• Should not get vaporized.
• The two fluids should not be able to mix readily
that is, they must be immiscible.
 Micro Manometers
(Sensitive Manometers)
• Vertical column manometer
• Inclined column manometer
 Differential manometers
• Differential manometers are used to measure
the difference of pressures between two
points in a pipe or in two different pipes

1. U-tube upright differential manometer

2. U-tube inverted differential manometer
 U-tube upright differential manometer
U-tube upright differential
manometer connected
U-tube upright differential between two pipes at
manometer connected at two different levels and carrying
points in a pipe at same level different fluids
U-tube inverted differential manometer
• Pressure in a pipe carrying oil (Specific Gravity 0.92)
is 20 kN/m2. A piezometer is connected to the pipe.
Find the rise of liquid level in the piezometer. [Ans =
2.21 m]
The pressure of water in a domestic supply line was
measured using manometer shown in the figure.
Derive the equation for head and determine the
pressure.
[Ans: h= 1.99 m, p = 19.52 kN/m2]
• The right limb of a U tube containing mercury is opened
to the atmosphere. The left limb contains water and is
connected to a pipe full of water at a pressure. The free
surface of mercury and the center of the pipe are at the
same level. If the difference between the two mercury
surfaces is 8 cms, find the pressure intensity of water in
the pipe
A vertical column micro manometer is connected
to a pipe containing oil of specific gravity 0.92.
The ratio of area of reservoir to that of vertical
column is 150. Calculate the oil pressure in the
pipe.
[Ans: h= 7.98 m, p = 78.28 kN/m2]
A U-tube differential manometer is connected to two pipes at
A and B. Pipe A Contains oil of Specific Gravity 0.92 and
pipe B is carrying water. If the pressure at point A is 125
kN/m2 find the pressure at point B.

[Ans: h= -3.098 m, p = 30.39 kN/m2]

An inverted tube differential manometer having an
oil of specific gravity 0.9 is connected to two
different pipes carrying water under pressure.
Determine the pressure in the pipe B. The pressure
in pipe A is 2 m of water.
[Ans: h= 1.88 m, p = 18.44 kN/m2]