CLASSIFICATION

OF LITERATURE
ACCORDING TO
FORM
 POETRY
IS A FORM OF LITERATURE
THAT HAS DIVERSE AND
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS
AND OFTEN EMPLOY REGULAR
RYTHMIC PATTERNS OR
METERS.
 PROSE
Consists of writing that does
not adhere to any particular
formal structures;non poetric
writing.
ELEMENTS OF THE SHORT STORY
CHARACTER-A PERSON OR ANIMAL WHO TAKES
PART IN THE ACTION OF A SHORT STORY.
QUALITIES OF A GOOD CHARACTER
1. CREDIBLE
2. SYMPATHETIC
3. VITAL
4. PROPERLY MOTIVATED
 KINDS OF CHARACTER
PROTAGONIST DYNAMIC
ANTAGONIST FLAT
MAJOR ROUND
MINOR
STATIC
 ELEMENTS OF CHARACTER
 APPEARANCE (LOOKS)
 PERSONALITY (EMOTIONAL/RATIONAL)
 BACKGROUND ( EXPERIENCES)
 MOTIVATION ( GOALS/DESIRES)
 RELATIONSHIP ( RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER CHARACTERS)
 CONFLICT ( STRUGGLE)
 CHANGE ( DEALING WITH WHAT KIND OF CHARACTER)
 PLOT- IS THE SEQUENCE OF EVENTS OF
THE STORY.
 KINDS OF PLOT
1. TRADITIONAL/CONVENTIONAL- IS OFTEN CONCEIVED OF AS A
MOVING FIVE DISTINCT SECTIONS:
A. EXPOSITION- BEGINNING SECTION
B. COMPLICATION- RISING ACTION
C. CLIMAX- GREATES EMOTIONAL INTENSITY
D. FALLING ACTION- TENSION SUBSIDES AND MOVES TO
CONCLUSION
E. RESOLUTION- OUTCOME
2. UNCONVENTIONAL-UNFOLDING OF EVENTS
MAY BEGIN IN ANY SECTION.
A. FLASHBACK- SCENES THAT TOOK PLACE PRIOR TO
THE BEGINNING OF THE STORY
B. FORESHADOWING- HINT OR CLUE
C. SUSPENSE- EXCITEMENT
D. SURPRISE ENDING- UNEXPECTED EVENT
E. IN MEDIA RES- MIDDLE ACTION TO FLASHBACKING
3. FLAT PLOT
IS A STRAIGHT FORWARD
CHRONOLOGICAL PLOT.
EVENTS HAPPEN FROM THE
BEGINNING TO END BUT
WITHOUT ANY SUSPENSE AND
CRISIS ALONG THE WAY.
 SETTING- IS THE PLACE AND TIME OF THE
STORY.
USES OF SETTING
TO CREATE A MOOD
INFORM READERS ABOUT DIFFERENT
WAYS OF LIFE
TO MAKE THE ACTION SEEMS MORE REAL
TO CONTRIBUTE TO THE CONFLICT
TO SYMBOLIZE FOR SOME IDEA
 TYPES OF SETTING
EXPLICIT SETTING- THE PARTICULAR TIME AND
LOCALE ARE STATED, READILY DRAWABLE AND
MAY BE WRITTEN IN GENERAL STATEMENTS.
e.g. ONCE UPON A TIME, IN A FAR AWAY
PLACE…
IT WAS ALMOST MIDDAY…
IN JANUARY 25, 2017 IN HOTEL CALIFORNIA
IMPLICIT SETTING- TIME AND LOCALE ARE
NOT SPECIFICALLY STATED BUT RATHER
EMBEDDED IN THE EMPLOYED DETAILS.
e.g. DESCRIPTION GIVEN BY THE AUTHOR
TO THE AMBIENCE
DIALOGUE OF THE CHARACTERS
ACTIONS OF THE CHARACTERS
THEME- IS THE CONTROLLING IDEA OR
CENTRAL INSIGHT OF A STORY.
PRINCIPLES OF STATING THE THEME
1. A THEME MAY BE STATED BRIEFLY OR EXPLORED IN LENGTH.
2. A THEME CAN BE EXPRESSED IN COMPLETE SENTENCES.
3. A THEME SHOULD BE STATED AS A GENERALIZATION ABOUT LIFE, SOCIETY, OR
HUMAN NATURE.
4. THE THEME GENERALIZATION SHOULD BE LARGER THAN IS JUSTIFIED BY THE
DETAILS OF THE STORY.
5. THEME IS THE CENTRAL UNIFYING CONCEPT OF A STORY.
6. THEME SHOULD NOT BE REDUCED TO A CLICHÉ.
7. A THEME IS NOT THE SAME AS THE SUBJECT OF WORK.
8. A THEME CAN BE EXPRESSED IN A COUPLE OF WORDS.
POINT OF VIEW- IS THE MANNER OF
TELLING THE STORY.
 KINDS OF POINT OF VIEW
1. OBJECTIVE POINT OF VIEW-THE NARRATOR NEVER DISCLOSES ANYTHING
ABOUT HOW THE CHARACTERS FEEL OR THINK.
2. THIRD PERSON POINT OF VIEW- THE NARRATOR DOES NOT PARTICIPATE IN
THE ACTION OF THE STORY AS ONE OF THE CHARACTERS BUT KNOWS
EXACTLY HOW THE CHARACTERS FEEL.
3. FIRST PERSON POINT OF VIEW- THE NARRATOR TELLS HIS STORY FROM
HIS POINT. ALSO CALLED AS “I” POINT OF VIEW.
4. ALL KNOWING OR OMNISCIENT POINT OF VIEW-THE NARRATOR TELLS THE
STORY FROM THE MINDS OF ALL THE CHARACTERS.
STYLE- REFERS TO THE LITERARY DEVICES
THAT THE AUTHOR USED.
SUBJECT GRADE MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY

ORG. MGT GRADE 11 7:15-8:15 7:15-8:15 3:00-5:00

ABM
ICT GRADE 12 10:30-11:30 10:30-11:30 10:30-11:30 10:30-11:30
STEM
ENVI SCIENCE GRADE 7 1:00-2:00 1:00-2:00 1:00-2:00 1:00-2:00 1:00-2:00

LITERATURE 11 GRADE 11 2:00-3:00 2:00-3:00 2:00-3:00 2:00-3:00

STEM
SCIENCE 9 GRADE 9 3:00-5:00 3:00-5:00 9:30-10:30

ROMMEL R. VELASCO