JUST A THEORY…..

• How is this ever going to really help me

in my day-to-day practice?”
• Theory can seem
cumbersome and even
grandiose at times…
though in time, things
that were once scoffed
at as “just a theory”
become accepted facts
of life.

• Learning about these theories was

important. Theoretical foundation of
nursing would influence practice, even
if it was on a subconscious level.
THEORY ….
DEFINITION…………….
DEFINITION…….
• Faye Glenn Abdellah (1960)Twenty One Nursing Problems
• She introduced Patient – Centered Approaches to Nursing
Model and defined nursing as service to individual, families
as well as the society. She also viewed nursing as an art and a
science that molds the attitudes, intellectual competencies
and technical skills of the individual nurse into the aspiration
and capacity to help people, sick or well, and cope with their
health needs.
• She also grouped into 21 problem areas to direct care and
promote the use of nursing judgment. They center around
needs for hygiene, comfort, activity, rest, safety, oxygen,
nutrition, elimination, hydration, physical and emotional
health promotion, interpersonal relationships, and
development of self-awareness.
 CHARACTERISTICS………..

• Abdellah’s theory has interrelated the concepts of

health, nursing problems, and problem solving.
• Problem solving is an activity that is inherently logical
in nature.
• Framework focus on nursing practice and individuals.
• The results of testing such hypothesis would contribute
to the general body of nursing knowledge
• Easy to apply in practice.
PATIENT CENTERED APPROACH….
CONCEPTS……………
NURSING SKILLS……
NURSING PROBLEMS………..
• Physiologic Hygiene and Comfort2 Activity,
Exercise, and Sleep
• Safety (Accidents vs. Infections)
• Body Mechanics
• Nutrition
• Fluid and Electrolyte Maintenance
• Disease Process
• Maintaining or Improving Sensory Function
• Oxygenation
• Elimination
• Psychological Effective verbal and nonverbal
communication
• Helping the patient accept self during and
after disease
• Continued motivation to accomplish goals
• Acknowledging and identifying the patient’s
emotions
• Sociological Therapeutic Relationships
• Spirituality/ Religious Beliefs2Supportive
Environment
• Community Resources
• “Being aware of domestic concerns and how
they may potentially affect care or treatment
of the patient”
THEORY APPLICATIONS……
• Rehabilitation Nursing
Focused on returning patient’s to their
optimal level of functioning physically,
emotionally, and cognitive Areas include:
Neuro, Spinal Cord Injury, TBI, Orthopedic,
Pain Management, and several progressive
disease processes inpatient environment
offers physical therapy , occupational therapy,
speech therapy, and nursing care
• Application of Theory related to
Rehabilitation Nursing
Physiological- PAIN, HYGIENE, SAFETY,
ELIMINATION, HEALING
Psychological-TRAUMA, EMOTIONS,
COGNITIVE FUNCTION
Sociological- Environmental Factors, Family
Dynamics
 PRACTICE……..
• Familiarize Faye
Abdellah's contributions in the field of
nursing;
• Analyze how Abdellah's theory
influenced nursing in terms of practice,
education, and research;
• Develop new insights based on the "21
Nursing Problems" SO AS TO
• Identify new ways to innovate nursing
care IN ORDER TO
• Determine solutions to effectively
address patient's needs
 SUMMARY…
• Nursing theory is the bridge between learning new information and applying to
clinical practice.
• The 21 Problems Theory in Nursing Process rooted from the personal experience and
professional expertise of Faye G. Abdellah as a patient, relative, caregiver and nurse.
• Dr. Abdellah was one of the most influential nursing theorist, leader, and public health
scientists. It is due to her works that the patient-centered approach to nursing was
developed.
• Abdellah’s diverse experience in nursing still has a great influence in the over-all nursing
field.
• It’s her desire to be a nurse, passionate and caring as she can be that leads us to where
the nursing profession is at the present.
THOUGHT TO HOME…………..
• CHANGING THE WORLD ONE STEP AT A TIME
THINK……………..
QUESTIONS………………………
 APPLY……………….
The typology of 21 nursing problems was produced through
research; therefore it is expected that more research followed after its
introduction to the academic world. Intensive research, like the
function studies (a type of research) scrutinized the quantity of time
the nurses spent with the patient. The typology utilized by abdellah
became the root for cultivating the nursing care model and was then
employed for setting up the staffing outline in clinical settings. The
staffing patterns were found on the patient’s identified needs and, as
Abdellah foresaw, they comprise of: –Intensive care –Intermediate
care –Long-term care –Self care –Home-care units
ARE YOU SURE………
3 Cs………………