WHAT IS rDNA TECHNOLOGY ?

It is based on the concept of

gene recombination joining
together DNA molecules from
two different species that are
inserted into a host organism, to
produce new genetic
combination.
STEPS IN rDNA TECHNOLOGY

 Selection & isolation of DNA

segment of interest
 Joining of this gene into suitable
vector to form rDNA molecule
 Introduction of this vector into a
suitable organism called HOST
 Separation of transformed host
cells
 The transformed host cells are
multiplied to obtain
sufficient number of copies
 DONOR CELL BACTERIAL CELL

PLASMID

LYSOZOME

DNA VECTOR

RESTRICTION
ENDONUCLEASE

GENE OF
INTEREST

DNA LIGASE

ELECTROPORATION

REPLICATION

COLONES
SOME DEFINATIONS

 PLASMIDS
These are double stranded DNA
that are usually circular and
mostly found inside certain
bacterial species.
Plasmids in genetic engineering
is also known as VECTORS
 VECTORS
Vectors also include viruses known
as bacterio-phage that use bacteria
as their host to replicate.
ENZYMES USED IN rDNA TECHNOLOGY

 LYSOZYME
It is capable of breaking the
chemical bonds in the outer cell
wall of bacteria.
 RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE
This enzyme cleaves or cut DNA
into fragments at or near specific
recognition sites
 LIGASE
It is an enzyme that can facilitates
the joining of DNA strands by
catalyzing the formation of
phosphodiester bond
DNA CLONING

The term CLONE means

collection of molecules/cells
which are identical to an original
molecule

DNA cloning is the technique for

replicating DNA fragments

It can be done by 2 different

approaches-
1. Cell based
2. Using polymerase chain
reaction (PCR)
PCR (POLYMERIZATION CHAIN REACTION)

 It is a technique by which we can

do amplification of DNA means we
can make a lot of copy of DNA
 The idea of PCR came in 1970
 It takes 2-4 hours for completion

 STEPS USE IN PCR

1. Denaturation
2. Annealing
3. Extension
GOALS OF rDNA TECHNOLOGY

 To isolate and characterize a gene

 To make desired alternations in one
or more isolated genes
 To return altered genes to living
cells
 Artificially synthesize new gene
 Alternating genome of an organism
 Understanding the heredity
diseases and their cure
 Improving human genome
APPLICATION OF rDNA TECHNOLOGY

 AGRICULTURE
Growing crop of your choice
Pesticide resistant crops
Fruits with attractive colors
 MEDICINE
Gene therapy
Vaccination
Artificial insulin production
 OTHER USES
Fluorescent fishes
Glowing plants
ADVANTAGES OF rDNA TECHNOLOGY

 Provide substantial quantity

 No need for natural or organic
factors
 Unlimited utilization
 Cheap
 Resistant to natural inhibitors
DISADVANTAGES OF rDNA TECHNOLOGY

 Effect natural immune system of

the body
 Can destroy natural ecosystem
that relies on organic cycle
 Prone to cause mutation that
could have harmful effects
 Manufacturing of biological
weapons such as anthrax etc