PROPERTIES OF A WELL-

WRITTEN TEXT
OBJECTIVE
Identify properties
of a well-written
text.
Properties of the Well-Written
Text
A. ORGANIZATION
B. COHERENCE AND
COHESION
C. LANGUAGE USE
D. MECHANICS
LET’S REVIEW!
 1. What are the Patterns of
Development in Writing?
 2. What is Persuasion?
 3. When can we use
persuasion?
 I mean everyone
FIX ME, PLEASE.
and I now ask to
join everyone me as
this Crusade we
embark on for brighter
and better
future
President Duterte’s line,
“ I now ask everyone, and I
mean everyone to join me as
we embark on this crusade for
a better and brighter future.’
1. ORGANIZATION
 refers to the arrangement of ideas
in a text

* Creating an outline of ideas before

you start writing can help your work
become organized
OUTLINE
 provides a format in which
ideas can be arranged in a
hierarchy- that is, it
distinguishes the general ideas
from the specific or
subordinating ideas
• Strong organization constitutes to
proper paragraphing and logical
order of presentation of ideas.

*Paragraphing ( organizing
ideas)is dividing text into
paragraphs.
Points to remember in Organization
of texts:
 1. Adapt paragraph length to your
topic and audience (one sentence,
five sentences or half a page)
 2. The paragraph is a unit of thought,
not of length.
 3. Paragraphing is determined by
rhetorical situation (audience,
purpose, persona, context)
 4. To make your paragraph
reader-friendly, break up the
mass of words and use
appropriate signals as you make
a new point.
 5. Each paragraph must be built
around a single idea termed as
“controlling idea.”
 6. The formula of STTC (Single
idea, topic sentence, appropriate
technique and connectives) makes
a well- structured paragraph.
 7. Observe a logical presentation
of your ideas and make sure to
use appropriate words.
 EVALUATION
 Write a short essay about your
favorite activities in school.

 Focus ----------- 10 points

 Organization----10 points
 Mechanics------- 5 points
2. COHERENCE AND COHESION
- refer to the connection of ideas and
connection between sentences and
between paragraphs
- Two basic features that facilitate
textual continuity

* In order for you to assure

coherence and cohesion, you need to
use transitional or cohesive devices.
COHERENCE:
 The ways a text makes sense to readers &
writer through the relevance and
accessibility of its configuration of
concepts, ideas and theories.

o The theme or the main idea of the essay

or writing piece is understandable.
COHESION:
 The grammatical and lexical
relationship between different
elements of a text which hold it
together.
“Good cohesion leads
to good coherence.”
Look at the following paragraph:
The ancient Egyptians were masters of
preserving dead people's bodies by
making mummies of them. Mummies
several thousand years old have been
discovered nearly intact. The skin, hair,
teeth, fingernails and toenails, and facial
features of the mummies were evident. It
is possible to diagnose the disease they
suffered in life, such as smallpox,
arthritis, and nutritional deficiencies.
 The process was remarkably effective.
Sometimes apparent were the fatal
afflictions of the dead people: a middle-
aged king died from a blow on the head,
and polio killed a child king. Mummification
consisted of removing the internal organs,
applying natural preservatives inside and
out, and then wrapping the body in layers
of bandages.
 Though weak, this paragraph is not a total
washout. It starts with a topic sentence, and
the sentences that follow are clearly related to
the topic sentence. In the language of writing,
the paragraph is unified (i.e., it contains no
irrelevant details). However, the paragraph is
not coherent. The sentences are disconnected
from each other, making it difficult for the
reader to follow the writer's train of thought.
Italics indicates pronouns and repeated/restated key words, bold indicates
.
transitional tag-words, and underlining indicates parallel structures

 The ancient Egyptians were masters of

preserving dead
people's bodies by
making mummies of them. In short,
mummification consisted of removing the
internal organs, applying natural
preservatives inside and out, and then
wrapping the body in layers of bandages.
 And the process was remarkably
effective. Indeed, mummies several
thousand years old have been discovered
nearly intact. Their skin, hair, teeth,
fingernails and toenails, and facial
features are still evident. Their diseases
in life, such as smallpox, arthritis, and
nutritional deficiencies, are still
diagnosable. Even their fatal afflictions
are still apparent: a middle-aged king
died from a blow on the head; a child
king died from polio.
 The paragraph is now much more
coherent. The organization of the
information and the links between
sentences help readers move easily
from one sentence to the next. Notice
how this writer uses a variety of
coherence devices, sometimes in
combination, to achieve overall
paragraph coherence.
Cohesive devices may take a

 number of forms, for example,

pronouns, nouns, conjunctions
etc.
For example:
 Dr. Ayesha examined the
patient. She began by checking
her temperature.
COHESIVE DEVICES
ADDITION again, also, and then, besides,
equally important, finally, first,
further, furthermore, in addition,
in the first place, last moreover,
next, second, still, too
COMPARISON Also, in the same way, likewise, similarly
CONCESSION Granted, naturally, of course
CONTRAST Although, and yet, at the same time but
at the same time, despite that, even so,
even though, for all that, however,
regardless, still though,yet
EMPHASIS Certainly, indeed, in fact, of course

EXAMPLE OR After all, as an illustration, even for

ILLUSTRATION example, for instance, in conclusion,
indeed, in fact, in other words, in short, it
is true, of course, namely, specifically, that
is to illustrate, thus, truly
SUMMARY All in all, altogether, as has been said,
finally, in brief, in conclusion, in other
words, in particular, in short, in simpler
terms, in summary, on the whole, that is,
therefore, to put it differently, to
summarize
TIME SEQUENCE after a while, afterward,
again, also, and then, as
long as, at last, at length,
at that time, before,
besides, earlier, eventually,
finally, formerly, further,
furthermore, in addition, in
the first place, in the past,
last, lately, meanwhile,
moreover, next, now,
presently, second, shortly,
simultaneously, since, so
far, soon, still,
subsequently, then,
thereafter, too, until, until
now, when
 EVALUATION
 Write a 100- word essay
observing cohesion and
coherence. Choose your own topic
based on your interest.
APPROPRIATE
LANGUAGE
USE
 As a writer, it is important not only to think
about what you say, but how you say, but
how you say it. To communicate effectively, it
is not enough to have well organized ideas
expressed in complete and coherent
sentences and paragraphs. One must also
think about the style, tone and clarity of
his/her writing, and adapt these elements to
the reading audience. Again, analyzing one’s
audience and purpose is the key to writing
effectiveness.
3. APPROPRIATE LANGUAGE
USE

- refers to the acceptable style of

language for a particular form of
text
 Two Kinds of Language
 A. Informal- used in writing for oneself or in
writing to family, friends, and colleagues.
The language to be used should be
direct and simple.
 B. Formal- used in writing academic,
business, and official texts.
The language to be used should be
unbiased language.
Six Characteristics of Effective
Language:
1. Concrete and Specific Language
2. Concise Language
3. Familiar Language
4. Precise and Clear Language
5. Constructive Language
6. Formality of Language
Remember…
 Use clear and concise sentences.
Use precise vocabulary
 Avoid redundancies, wordiness,
clichés, and high faulting
language.
 Avoid excessive use of there and it
structures.
 Be consistent with pronouns
 Avoid sexist language
4. PROPER MECHANICS

- refers to the conventions of

writing which includes
capitalization, punctuation,
spelling, numerals, abbreviations,
acronyms and contractions
Remember…
 Avoid contractions and
exclamation points (unless part
of a direct quotation)
 Mention the full name before
the abbreviation.
 Numbers from 0-10 must be
spelled out.
dear Sid
WATCH THIS!!!
Processing questions:
1. According to the video, what
are the 6 traits in writing?
2. What are the properties of the
written text? Explain each.
 Evaluation
 Write a 100 word essay observing cohesion and coherence.
Choose your own topic based on your interest.

CRITERIA FOR ESSAY:

 Organization- 10 points
 Content- 10 points
 Mechanics- 5 points
 Word Choice- 5 points

30 points
references
 https://school.quipper.com/en-PH/courses/reading-and-
writing-skills-1/understanding-text-organization.html
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oAp5w-ZKeXk
 http://guidetogrammar.org/grammar/transitions.htm