STUDIES ON WATER SAMPLE

TESTINGS
 GROUP MEMBERS

NAME ROLL NO.

1. NILESH B. GOSAVI 18
2. SAGAR B. INGALE 19
3. YOGESH B. KALAM 23
4. SANTRUPTI B. MAHAJAN 29
5. DHANANJAY S. ZAMBRE 54
 INTRODUCTION
• On earth near about 74% area is covered by water but from this only 3% is available for drinking,
industries, and farming purpose.
• As the natural sources of water is open reservoirs this may go through a lot of contamination, for
e.g.. Contamination through human or animal excreta, industrial waste and also of releasing
household waste.
• The contamination gives rise to favorable environment for pathogen to grow up. These pathogen
enters into the human guts and cause several types of infection and diseases.
• The quality of drinking water is a major public health concern. Water pollution is considers as a
major cause of deaths in developing countries.
• Almost 30% of all peoples in developing countries are suffering from water borne illness.
• According to guidelines for drinking water, water intended for human consumption should be safe, palatable
and aesthetically pleasing. This means that water used for purposes should be free of pathogenic
microorganisms and other substances that may present a health risk
• a method has been described that has been successfully used in south America, Indonesia and India, for water
quality.
• In laboratory there are three simple procedures of testing water samples for faecal contamination:-
1. Most Probable Number Method (MPN):- This is for coliform bacteria-using the multiple tube fermentation
technique; In this method the MPN of total coliform bacteria, faecal coliform bacteria (or the thermo
tolerant coliforms) present in the water sample is determined, along with present/ absent of Escherichia coli.
2. H2S-Strip Method :- This is a simple, reliable and easy-to-perform (by even untrained personnel),
‘presence/absence’ test for bacteriological quality, which works on the principle that there is a close
correlation between faecal contamination and the presence of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) producing bacteria
and, that faecal pollution of water can be deducted by demonstration of H2S production.
3. Physical and chemical analysis :- In this method PH, electrical conductivity, total hardness, calcium
concentration, magnesium concentration and sodium concentration are tested.
 Aims and objectives
1) To test water from various water sources for potability.
2) To record and track seasonal variation in number and detection of indicator organisms from fixed
water-sources by MPN method.
3) To evaluate the presence and absence of micro-organisms in drinking water by H2S strip test
method.
4) To analyze the physical and chemical properties of sample water in which pH, Electrical
Conductivity, Total Hardness, Calcium concentration, Magnesium concentration, and Sodium
concentration are tested.
 Review Of Literature
• Several studies have been conducted on water analysis from different sources.

• There are several methods from which the potability of water can be measured.

• Those water sources which are open for the public consumption are tested for potability.

• The published literature on quality assessment of water sample is reviewed and broadly categorized under following-

I. Most Probable Number

II. Standard Plate Count

III. H2S Strip Method

 Material And Methodology
1. Water sampling for analysis:-
2. Most Probable Number (MPN):-
3. H2S strip method :-
4. Standard Plate Count (SPC):-
5. Physical and Chemical analysis:-
 1.Water sampling for analysis
• Water sample were collected from 4 different localities after every 10
days.
• Screw bottle is used to collect the samples.
• Each bottle is of capacity 250ml and is autoclave before use. Isopropyl
alcohol (IPA) is used to disinfect the area of tap and mouth of bottle before
filling water in to it.
 2.Most Probable Number (MPN)

• To definitely demonstrate the presence of coliform bacteria, the confirmed

positive samples were streaked into EMB agar.

• Reported as an MPN index/100 ml of water

 3.H2S strip test method

• It is a simple, reliable and easy to perform method to determine presence

or absence for bacteriological quality of water.

• This test is performed by preparing H2S strips.

• These strips are kept in to agar slant containing water sample streaking.
• These strips turns into black indicating the presence of H2S.
 4.Standard Plate Count (SPC)

• A water sample contains less than 100 bacteria per ml is considered to be

of good quality.

• Standard plate count method is used for the measurement of number of

colonies in give water sample.
 5.Physical and chemical analysis
• In physical analysis Electrical Conductivity (EC) is measured of measure of each water sample for
every 10 days.

• Electrical Conductivity of sample is measured with the help of Conductivity meter.

• Electrical Conductivity is an indirect measure for finding total dissolved solids in water.

• Generally Electrical conductivity shows relation with the Total Dissolved Solids(TDS).

• Conductivity meter is used to measure the conductivity of a water sample (micro Siemens per cm,
µS/cm).
 pH value
• In chemical analysis some parameters includes such as pH, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium
and Sodium ions concentration.

• The pH of sample water is measured by the pH meter.

• The pH indicates the Hydrogen ioons concentration in water sample.

• On the basis of this sample the given sample water is termed as Acidic, Alkaline and Neutral.
 Hardness of water
• Hard water is not health hazard, but dealing with hard water in the house hold can be trouble.

• Total Hardness of water sample is carried out by measuring Calcium and Magnesium content.
THANK YOU