Resource Management

for Device-to-Device
Communications
Underlaying LTE Networks

Under supervision of
Prof. Ibrahim Ismail
Presented by Dr. Mahmoud Elmesalawy
Haitham Hany Esmat
 D2D Communications

Outline
 Introduction to D2D Communications

 Research challenges in D2D Communications Underlaying LTE

Networks

 Literature review on recent research work in D2D

communications

 Research motivations

 References
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D2D Communications
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Device-to-Device Communication Classification

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Advantages of D2D Communications

• D2D communication can reduce end-to-end delay.

• D2D communication reduce traffic load offered to eNB.
• Increase spectral efficiency.
• Improve energy efficiency.
• Compared to WLAN or Bluetooth, no manual pairing or access
point definition is required.
• D2D pair use already a secure connection provided by the cellular
network. No special security setup is required for D2D connection.
 D2D Communications

Difference between D2D Technologies:-

Daquan Feng; Lu Lu; Yi Yuan-Wu; Li, G.; Shaoqian Li; Gang Feng, "Device-to-
device communications in cellular networks," Communications Magazine, IEEE ,
vol.52, no.4, pp.49,55, April 2014
 D2D Communications

Main challenge of D2D Communication Underlying LTE Networks

Interference problem when cellular network shares channel with the D2D network:-
 D2D Communications

Research challenges in D2D Communication

Underlaying LTE Networks:-

 Proper interference management,

 Mode selection,

 Resource allocation,

 Power control, and

 Scheduling.
 D2D Communications

Literature Review
 D2D Communications

Daquan Feng; Lu Lu; Yi Yuan-Wu; Li, G.Y.; Gang Feng; Shaoqian Li, study a resource allocation
"Device-to-Device Communications Underlaying Cellular problem to maximize the overall
network throughput while
Networks," Communications, IEEE Transactions on , vol.61, no.8,
guaranteeing the quality-of-
pp.3541,3551, August 2013 service (QoS) requirements.
Xiaohang Chen; Li Chen; Mengxian Zeng; Xin Zhang; Dacheng Yang, the interference limited area
"Downlink resource allocation for Device-to-Device control method and resource
allocation scheme.
communication underlaying cellular networks," Personal Indoor
and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), 2012 IEEE 23rd
International Symposium on , vol., no., pp.232,237, 9-12 Sept. 2012
Hongguang Sun; Min Sheng; Xijun Wang; Yan Zhang; Junyu Liu; Kan We formulate the uplink
Wang, "Resource allocation for maximizing the device-to-device resource allocation problem
where more than one D2D pair
communications underlaying LTE-Advanced networks,"
can share the same resource
Communications in China - Workshops (CIC/ICCC), 2013 IEEE/CIC with one CUE under the
International Conference on , vol., no., pp.60,64, 12-14 Aug. 2013 constraint that the SINR
requirements
i Wen; Xiaoyue Zhu; Xin Zhang; Dacheng Yang, "QoS-aware mode 1-optimizes communication
selection and resource allocation scheme for Device-to-Device mode for each device.
(D2D) communication in cellular networks," Communications 2- allocates resource according
to service demands .
Workshops (ICC), 2013 IEEE International Conference on , vol., no.,
pp.101,105, 9-13 June 2013
Shaoyi Xu; Haiming Wang; Tao Chen; Qing Huang; Tao Peng, study resource allocation and
"Effective Interference Cancellation Scheme for Device-to-Device interference avoidance.
Communication Underlaying Cellular Networks," Vehicular
Technology Conference Fall (VTC 2010-Fall), 2010 IEEE 72nd , vol.,
no., pp.1,5, 6-9 Sept. 2010
 D2D Communications

Paper#1

Daquan Feng; Lu Lu; Yi Yuan-Wu; Li, G.Y.; Gang

Feng; Shaoqian Li, "Device-to-Device
Communications Underlaying Cellular Networks,"
Communications, IEEE Transactions on , vol.61, no.8,
pp.3541,3551, August 2013

Device-to-Device Communications
Underlaying Cellular Networks
The framework includes three parts:-
1- A minimum distance metric.
2-An optimal power control
scheme.
3- A maximum weight to determine a
specific CU partner for each
admissible D2D pair.
Problem Formulation:-
Maximizing the overall throughput
D2D Communications
B. Optimal Power Control for a Single D2D
Pair:-
Allocate power for the D2D
transmitter and the corresponding
reuse partner to maximize the
overall throughput.
C. Resource Allocation for Multiple D2D
Pairs:-
The optimal reuse partner of
D2D pair j

The problem is divided into three

subproblems and handled one by
one:-

A-QoS-aware admission control for D2D

pairs:-
D2D pair can share Resource with
an existing user only when both their
SINR requirements are satisfied.
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Compares the performance of the three algorithms
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Our Conclusion

 One resource channel is used per each D2D

Pair (no rate constraint).
 Noresource sharing between different D2D
pairs .
 Consider power control per each D2D pair.
 No scheduling.
 Reuse Uplink spectrum only.
 D2D Communications

Paper#2

Xiaohang Chen; Li Chen; Mengxian Zeng;

Xin Zhang; Dacheng Yang, "Downlink
resource allocation for Device-to-Device
communication underlaying cellular
networks," Personal Indoor and Mobile
Radio Communications (PIMRC), 2012
IEEE 23rd International Symposium on ,
vol., no., pp.232,237, 9-12 Sept. 2012

Downlink Resource Allocation for Device-to- Device
Communication Underlaying Cellular Networks
 Problem formulation
Maximizing the overall throughput
 Proposed technique
BS should suppress the interference
between D2D communication and
cellular networks by using the
interference limited area method.
D2D Communications
 Resource allocation:-
After the interference limited area
Ζ1 and Ζ2 are determined.
1) Subchannel set selected according
to the location of the D2D users:-
2) Excluding cellular users from
interference limited area:-
3) Allocate the resources to D2D
users:-
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Simulation results
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Our Conclusion
 D2D pair reuse a number of resource
channels
 No resource sharing between D2D
pairs
 NO power control.
 No scheduling.

 Reuse Downlink spectrum only.

 D2D Communications

Paper#3

Hongguang Sun; Min Sheng; Xijun Wang; Yan

Zhang; Junyu Liu; Kan Wang, "Resource
allocation for maximizing the device-to-
device communications underlaying LTE-
Advanced networks," Communications in
China - Workshops (CIC/ICCC), 2013
IEEE/CIC International Conference on , vol.,
no., pp.60,64, 12-14 Aug. 2013
 D2D Communications
Resource Allocation for Maximizing
the Device-to-Device Communications
Underlaying LTE-Advanced Networks  For each RB:-

Problem formulation
maximize the number of D2D1&D2D2 cannot
transmit simultaneously
admitted D2D pairs.
Independent set

Proposed technique D2D1&D2D3 can

The D2D pair selection problem is

transmit simultaneously D2D1
D2D3
non linear optimization problem.
 The Interference degree (ID) of link

Use Conflict Graph (CG) model Interference degree (ID) of link(D2D1) on m-th RB

to model network interference

and then give the procedure of D2D1 Link of D2D1
GRA algorithm.
 The maximum independent set with
CG can be constructed among accumulated interference Final
links sharing the same resources(e.g Independent Set (FIS).
RBs).  The maximum independent set
without
accumulated interference
Candidate Independent Set (CIS).
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Simulation results

Mean number of admitted D2D pairs vs. System throughput vs. Total Number of
Total number of D2D pairs with length of D2D pairs with length of D2D pair Rd =
D2D pair Rd = 20m, and SINR requirement 20m, and SINR requirement of CUEm
of CUEm γcm = 10dB, for m ∈ {1, 2, ...,M} γcm = 10dB, for m ∈ {1, 2, ...,M}.
 D2D Communications

Our Conclusion
 Each D2D pair at most reuse one RB (No rate
constraint).

 More than one D2D pair can share the same

resource with one CUE.

 All
D2D pairs are assumed to transmit with the same
power (no power control).
 CUEs are prioritized over D2D pairs.

 Reuse Uplink spectrum only.

 No scheduling.
 D2D Communications

Paper#4

i Wen; Xiaoyue Zhu; Xin Zhang; Dacheng Yang, "QoS-

aware mode selection and resource allocation
scheme forDevice-to-Device (D2D) communication
in cellular networks," Communications Workshops
(ICC), 2013 IEEE International Conference on , vol.,
no., pp.101,105, 9-13 June 2013
 D2D Communications

QoS-Aware Mode Selection and Resource Allocation Scheme for Device-to-

Device (D2D) Communication in cellular networks
 Problem formulation
Maximize the throughput of the hybrid network.
Propose a joint mode selection and resource allocation (JMSRA)
scheme.
The proposed scheme
1-Optimizes communication mode for each device (mode selection).
2- Allocates resource according to service demands (resource
allocation).
Mode selection:-
-The transmitting power P∗jk which leads to the maximum capacity gain.
-Mode selection process if P∗ jk = 0, user j should select dedicated mode
and occupy RBs with no cellular user, while if P∗ jk 0 user j will choose
underlay D2D mode and share RB k with the dedicated user who
maximizes the rate gain.

JOINT MODE SELECTION AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION (JMSRA) SCHEME:-

Two scheduling schemes
1- DMSRA scheme
Is designed for dedicated users, including cellular users and dedicated
D2D users.
2- UMSRA scheme
Is for underlay users , who share resources with other dedicated.

Simulation results
System capacity of when user
number is 50 and D2D probability
is 0.4. Maximum distance between
D2D pairs varies from 10m to 50m.
D2D Communications
Satisfaction of service when user
number is 20,30,40 and 50, which
is measured by the ratio of number
of users meeting QoS requirements
to total user number. Maximum
distance between D2D pairs is 50m.
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Our Conclusion
 Cellular users and D2D users have the same priority .
 Consider power control per each D2D pair.
 Consider rate constraint.
 No resource sharing between different D2D pairs .
 Scheduler assigns feasible RBs to the user with
highest priority.

 Underlay D2D mode or dedicated D2D mode.

 Choose resource according to capacity gain.
 No scheduling.
 Reuse Uplink spectrum only.
 D2D Communications

Paper#5

Shaoyi Xu; Haiming Wang; Tao Chen; Qing

Huang; Tao Peng, "Effective Interference
Cancellation Scheme for Device-to-Device
Communication Underlaying Cellular
Networks," Vehicular Technology
Conference Fall (VTC 2010-Fall), 2010 IEEE
72nd , vol., no., pp.1,5, 6-9 Sept. 2010
Effective Interference Cancellation Scheme for Device D2D Communications
-to-Device Communication Underlaying Cellular Networks

 Problem formulation
D2D select resources to avoid
near-far Interference from
cellular UEs.
 Step 1: eNB broadcasts the reserved
resource D2D CCCH in the Step 4: According to the received measurement
broadcasting channel. results,eNB broadcasts the allocated
 Step 2: Cellular UEs periodically listen to resources for all the ‘near-far risk’ cellular UEs
the signalings on CCCH from D2D UEs. in the dedicated channel.
Broadcasting information I:
 Two criteria:- eNB broadcasts the position information and
 Criterion I: Cellular UEs only monitor the allocated resources of ‘near-far risk’ cellular users.
power of CCCH . Broadcasting information II:
Prohibited frequency resources plus ID of D2D UEs are sent by eNB.
 Criterion II: Cellular UEs decode the
information obtained from CCCH.
 Step 3: It will report the measurement
result to eNB.
 Format I: Cellular users report their
position information to eNB.
 Format II: Cellular users report the ID of
the detected D2D UE to eNB. According to Step 5: On receipt of the broadcasting messages in
Format I and Format II, respectively. Step4, D2D UEs autonomously perform RRM to
mitigate near-far interference from cellular UEs.
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Simulation results

System average throughput vs. System average throughput vs.

THinterference-cancellation when 50 THinterference-cancellation when 200
cellular UEs and 50 D2D UEs exist and cellular UEs and 50 D2D UEs exist and
THinterference-circle is -5dB. THinterference-circle is -5dB.
 D2D Communications

Our Conclusion
 Use common control channel.
 No Power control.

 NO rate constraint.

 No sharing resources between D2D pairs .

 No scheduling.
 D2D Communications

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 D2D Communications

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 D2D Communications

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 D2D Communications

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Thank You

Q&A