EU Waste Management Policy

JOB GEORGE
0921016
 Why is waste a problem?

• Continued growth of the waste mountain

– around 1300 Mt of waste (excluding agricultural waste)
• 3.5 tonnes per capita and year
– 1995-98 growth by 15% while GDP grew by 10%
– around 200 Mt of municipal waste
• 500 kg per capita and year

• Environmental impacts of waste

– Air pollutants and greenhouse gases
– Leachates
– Long term heritage of landfills and contaminated sites
– Disamenity (noise, odour etc.)
– Resource loss and avoidable impacts of virgin materials
production
 The European Waste
Strategy

Producer Waste
Responsibility Management
Hierarchy

Proximity and self-sufficiency

 Waste Hierarchy
A flexible principle based on common sense

Prevention
Re-use
Recycling
Energy
recovery Incineration without
energy recovery
Disposal
 Waste Management Policy
Community Waste
Management
Strategy
COM(96)399, 30.7.96)

Framework legislation
Waste Framework Directive
(Dir. 75/442/EEC)
Directive on hazardous waste Regulation on shipment of waste
(Dir. 91/689/EEC) (Reg. (EEC) 259/93)

Waste treatment operations

Incineration of Landfill of waste

waste
Directive 2000/76/EC Directive 1999/31/EC
Specific waste streams Decision 2003/33/EC

Waste oils Sewage sludge Batteries Packaging PCBs End of life WEEE/
(Dir 75/439/EEC) (Dir. 86/278/EEC) (Dir. 94/62/EC) (Dir. 96/59/EC)
(Dir. 91/157/EEC vehicles
& 93/86/EEC) RoHS
Dir. 2000/53/EC

Mining waste POPs Waste Dir. 2002/95/EC &

Dir. 2002/96/EC
COM(2003) 319 Reg. 850/2004/EEC
 Framework legislation

Waste Framework Directive

(Dir. 91/156/EEC)

• Definition + European Waste Catalogue

• Minimum waste management requirements
• Waste management priorities
• Waste management plans
• Control and permit systems
• Polluter pays principle

Regulation on shipment of waste

(Reg. (EEC) 259/93)
• Waste and the internal market
Hazardous waste Directive
• Proximity and self-sufficiency for waste disposal
(Dir. 91/689/EEC)
• Control requirements and notification system
• Illegal traffic
• Definition + Hazardous waste list
• International interface
• Stricter waste management requirements
• Ban on export to developing countries
• Prohibition of mixing
 Waste treatment operations
Incineration of waste
Directive 2000/76/EC
• All types of waste covered
• Special and industrial installations
• Co-incineration
• Operational conditions
• Air & water emission limit values
• 0.1 ng/m3 dioxins and furanes
Landfill of waste
Directive 1999/31/EC
• Authorization system
• Control procedures
• Co-disposal ban
• Pre-treatment of waste obligatory
• Technical requirements
• Reduction of biodegradable waste
• Methane recovery
• Internalization of cost
Decision 2003/33/EC
•Procedures and criteria for acceptance
of waste in landfills
 Specific waste streams

Sewage sludge Waste oils Batteries and

(Dir. 86/278/EEC)
• Agricultural use
• Heavy metal limits
• Control of pathogens
POPs Waste
(Reg. 850/2004/EEC)
• Destruction of POPs
• Derogation for low conc.
and env. preferable
management options
Packaging
(Dir 75/439/EEC) accumulators
(Dir. 94/62/EC &
(Dir. 91/157/EEC &
2004/12/EC)
• Collection 93/86/EEC)
• Promotion of regeneration • Scope
• All packaging
• PCB limit values • Marketing restrictions
• Hierarchy
• Safe disposal • Separate collection
• Recovery / recycling targets
• Combustion limit values • Recycling
• Management systems
• Labelling
• Essential requirements
• Databases

End of Life Vehicles Electric and Electronic Waste New initiatives

PCBs & PCTs
(Dir. 2000/53/EC) WEEE Directive 2002/96/EC and
(Dir. 96/59/EC)
RoHS Directive 2002/95/EC • Thematic
Strategy on waste
• Consumer and commercial appliances
• Limit values • Certificate of destruction prevention and
• Separate collection
• Safe disposal • De-registration recycling
• Recycling targets
• Phase-out • Reduction of heavy metals
• Financing: Producer responsibility •Thematic
• Recycling targets
• heavy metals ban strategy on natural
resources
 Key objectives (1)

 Landfill
 Conformity: 2004 (hazardous waste) and 2009 (MSW)
 -65% biodegradable waste in 2016 (National Strategies in 2003)
 Ban on landfill of (shredded) tyres: 2005
 Limit values for acceptance of waste: 2005

 Conformity of existing incinerators with

Directive 2000/76/EC: 2005

 IPPC permits for existing installations: 2007

 Key objectives (2)

 End- of-life vehicles

 2006: 85% recovery, 80% reuse and recycling
 2015: 95% recovery, 85% reuse and recycling
(currently under review)

 Waste electric and electronic equipment by 2006:

 collection of 4 kg/cap/y
 recycling and reuse of 50% to 80%
 recovery of 0-20%

 Packaging by 2008
 55-80% recycling, 60% recovery
 material specific rates
 Waste management planning
requirements

Member States to draw up waste management plans

(Dir. 75/442/EEC – Art. 7) to achieve:
 the preference for recovery over disposal
 the disposal or recovery without endangering human health
or the environment
 an integrated network of disposal installations

Hazardous waste (Dir. 91/689/EEC):

 either separate plans or part of general waste management plan

Packaging waste (Dir. 94/62/EC):

 specific chapter in general waste management plan
 Content of waste
management plans
(Dir. 75/442/EEC - Art. 7)
Obligatory elements of plans:
• type, quantity and origin of the waste
• general technical requirements
• special arrangements for particular wastes
• suitable disposal sites

Optional elements of the plan

• persons empowered to carry out management of waste
• estimated costs of recovery/disposal
• measures for rationalisation of collection, sorting and
treatment of waste
 A decade for change
Inc/co-inc Non-haz Second
IPPC waste
emission ELV
permits landfills
limits targets

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2015 2016

Hazardous
WEEE Pckg PCBs Final
waste
+ ELV targets destroyed landfill
landfills
targets diversion
Second target
Tyres
landfill
landfill ban
diversion
First landfill
target
diversion
target

2005: Thematic Strategy

 From To
much waste, some waste,
some recycling much recycling

Packaging, WEEE, ELV, …

Recycle
paper, plastic, metals ….
Energy
recovery
Packaging, WEEE, ELV, …

Recover
Energy

Landfill
Too much Landfill ( 60%)
THANK YOU !!