LESSON 3 - THE CHEMICAL

COMPOSITION OF THE CELLS

OBJECTIVES-
 State the elements in the cell.
 List the chemical compounds in the cell.
 Explain the importance of organic
compounds in the cell.
 Discuss the importance of water in the
cell.
ARRANGE ME!
MECHANICS:
In this activity, learners will be
instructed to form a team of three
members each. As a team, they will be
instructed to arrange the jumbled words
below for 2 minutes. After the given
period, answers will be checked.
JUMBLED WORDS:

1. POENITR
2. U L I N C E C IDAC
3. STRYORCABHDAE
4. I I OA N R G N C
5. ETRWA
ANSWER KEY:
1. PROTEIN
2. NUCLEIC ACID
3. CARBOHYDRATE
4. INORGANIC
5. WATER
WHAT ARE THE CHEMICAL
COMPOSITIONS OF THE CELL?
 ELEMENT
 COMPOUND
WHAT IS MEANT BY ELEMENT?

 A substance composed of only

one kind of element.
 Can’t be broken down into
simpler substances.
 Undergoes chemical reactions.
HOW DO YOU CLASSIFY THE ELEMENTS
THAT ARE FOUND IN THE CELLS?
 Essential elements – need in
large amounts
 Traces elements – need in
small amounts.
WHAT ARE THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS
PRESENT IN THE CELL?
1. Carbon– C 2. Hydrogen– H
3. Oxygen– O 4. Nitrogen– N
5. Calcium– Ca 6. Potassium– K
7. Phosphorus– P 8. Sulphur– S
9. Sodium– Na 9. Chlorine– Cl
10. Magnesium - Mg
WHAT ARE THE TRACES ELEMENTS FOUND
IN THE CELL?
1. Copper – Cu
2. Iodine - I
3. Ferum - Fe
WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF ELEMENTS IN
PLANT CELLS?
H, C, O, N – Synthesis of organic compounds like
protein, carbohydrates, nucleic acid
and lipids.
S - A component of some protein.
Na – Not required.
Mg – Required of the synthesis of chlorophyll.
Mg- activates enzymes in the cells.
Ca – Synthesis of cell walls
helps maintain the semi-
permeability of plasma
membranes.
Fe - Synthesis of chlorophyll. Acts as
an electron carrier during
photosynthesis and respiration.
COMPOUNDS IN THE CELL
WHAT IS A COMPOUND?
 substance
 consists of 2 or more elements.
 chemically combined in a fixed
ratio.
WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF
COMPOUNDS PRESENT IN THE CELL?
 Organic compound
 Inorganic compound
HOW DOES ORGANIC COMPOUND DIFFER
FROM INORGANIC COMPOUND?
Organic compound:
 contain C and H
 Associated with living
organisms
HOW DOES ORGANIC COMPOUND DIFFER
FROM INORGANIC COMPOUND?
 does not contain C and H
 associated with non-living
organisms.
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS PRESENT IN THE CELL?
 Lipids
 Proteins
 Nucleic acid
 Carbohydrates
CARBOHYDRATES
CARBOHYDRATES:
 are molecules that we often
called sugars.
 contain carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen atoms in an approximate
ratio 1:2:1.
 Examples are monosaccharides,
disaccharides and polysaccharides.
WHAT ARE LIPIDS?
 Lipids are organic compounds that are
most familiar as fats, oils, and waxes.

 Many lipids are formed from fatty

acids and glycerol.

 All fatty acids contain long chains of

carbon and hydrogens atoms to which a
carboxyl group is attached.
WHAT ARE PROTEINS?
Organic compounds that
contain nitrogen in addition to
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
 are polymers of amino acids
WHAT ARE NUCLEIC ACIDS?
 It is a large complex organic
molecules composed of carbon,
oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and
phosphorus atoms.
 Are polymers of individual
monomers called nucleotides.
WHAT ARE THE INORGANIC FOUND IN
THE CELL?
 Water
WATER:
 Someone once said
that if there is magic on
this planet, then it is to
be found in water.
 Why in water?
WHAT ARE THE PROPERTIES/
CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER?
 One of the few naturally occurring
compounds that is liquid at the
temperature.

 Expands slightly as it makes phase

change from liquid to solid.
WATER:
 It is the most unusual molecule with
physical and chemical properties found in no
other materials.
 Covers more that 75 percent of the Earth’s
surface and is the most abundant compound in
nearly all living things.
CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS IN
PLANTS

ORGANIC AND INORGANIC

COMPOUNDS