BIOGAS ENERGY UTILISATION

INTRODUCTION

• Biogas typically refers to a gas produced by the biological breakdown of

organic matter in the absence of oxygen.

• Biogas originates from biogenic material is a type of bio fuel.

• Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion or fermentation of biodegradable

materials such as biomass, manure, sewage, municipal waste, green waste,
plant material and energy crops.

• This type of biogas comprises primarily methane and carbon dioxide.

• Other types of gas generated by use of biomass is wood gas, which is

created by gasification of wood or other biomass. This type of gas consist
primarily of nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide, with trace amounts of
methane.
 PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS

• Biogas is practically produced as landfill gas (LFG) or digester gas. A biogas

plant is the name often given to an anaerobic digester that treats farm
wastes or energy crops.

• Biogas can be produced utilizing anaerobic digesters. These plants can be fed
with energy crops such as maize silage or biodegradable wastes including
sewage sludge and food waste.

• During the process, an air-tight tank transforms biomass waste into methane
producing renewable energy .

• There are two key processes: Mesophilic and Thermophilic digestion.

• The methane contained within biogas is 20 times more potent as a

greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide.Therefore uncontained landfill gas which
escapes into the atmosphere may significantly contribute to the effects of
global warming.
PRODUCTION OF BIO GAS
 UTILISATION OF BIOGAS

• The domestic sector is the main user of biomass fuels, primarily for cooking
and space heating. Villagers also use biomass fuels to process agricultural
products either for preservation or for conversion into tradable commodities.

• Biogas can be utilized for electricity production on sewage works.

• If compressed, it can replace compressed natural gas for use in vehicles,

where it can fuel an internal combustion engine or fuel cells. Methane within
biogas can be concentrated via a biogas upgrade to the same standards as
fossil natural and becomes bio methane.

• Numerous industries in ASEAN member countries rely on biomass fuels for

process heat and drying of the final product. Many are small-scale and based
on traditional technology.

• Modern bio-energy has developed through adoption of technologies like

cogeneration and dendrothermal power plants. Efficient, mature and proven
biomass-based energy conversion technologies are available both within and
outside the ASEAN region.
 Advantages Disadvantages
Economy: Wood and other types of biomass Misconceptions: It is sometimes assumed
are widely used as fuels in the (private) that biomass energy is a traditional
domestic and industrial sectors, basically commodity which will phase out in the near
because they are cheaper than other fuels. future.
Environment: The sustainable use of
biomass energy sources helps to manage the
local environment.
Rural income: The use of wood and some Data and planning: Systematic data are still
other forms of biomass energy generates at inadequate or unavailable for biomass
least 20 times more local employment within energy planning and for developing specific
the national economy than any other form of energy policies for supply and demand.
energy, per unit.
Social: In times of hardship, or when
harvests are inadequate for subsistence, the
opportunity to generate income in wood fuel
business provides a safety-net for the people
affected.
Efficiency: The application of biomass energy Technologies: Technologies for biomass
in modern technologies allows for increased combustion which are at present widely used
energy efficiency by combined heat and in ASEAN economies still need to be
power generation. improved towards best practice.
Energy mix: Incorporation of biomass fuels
in national energy supply policy improves the
energy mix by increasing the diversity of
energy sources.
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