6.

2 – Simplified Form for Radicals

Product Rule for Square Roots
b = a �b
If a and b are real numbers, then a �
Examples:
40 = 10 = 4 10 = 2 10
4�

3 = 7 25 3 = 7 �
7 75 = 7 25 � 5 3 = 35 3
8
16x 17
= 16 x x = 4 x
16
x

5 3 2
3
16x 17
= 3
8  2x x = 2x
15 2
2x
 6.2 – Simplified Form for Radicals
Quotient Rule for Square Roots
a a
If a and b are real numbers and b �0, then =
b b
Examples:
16 16 4 2 2 2
= = = =
81 81 9 25 25 5

45 45 9�5 3 5
= = =
49 49 7 7
 6.2 – Simplified Form for Radicals
a a
If a and b are real numbers and b �0, then =
b b
15 3�5 3 �5
= = = 5
3 3 3

90 9�
10 9 ��
2 5 9 �2 �5
= = = = 3 5
2 2 2 2
 6.2 – Simplified Form for Radicals
Rationalizing the Denominator
Radical expressions, at times, are easier to work with if the
denominator does not contain a radical. The process to clear
the denominator of all radicals is referred to as rationalizing
the denominator

5x 3 5x 3 5x 3 5 5 x 15 5 x 15
= 1=
� � = = =
5 5 5 5 25 5

x 15
 6.2 – Simplified Form for Radicals
Examples:
5 5 3
= � = 5 3
3 3 3 3

7 7 20 7 �20 7 �4 �
5 2 35 35
= � = = = =
20 20 20 20 20 20 10

7 7 7 7 5 35 35 35
= = = � = = =
20 4�5 2 5 2 5 5 2 25 2 �5 10
 6.2 – Simplified Form for Radicals
Examples:

2 2 2 2
= = = =
45x 45x 9 ��
5 x 3 5x

2 5x 10 x 10 x
� = =
3 5x 5x 3�5x 15 x
 6.2 – Simplified Form for Radicals
Theorem:
If “a” is a real number, then .
Examples:
6.3 - Addition and Subtraction of Radical Expressions
Review and Examples:

5 x + 3x = 8x
12 y - 7 y = 5y

6 11 + 9 11 = 15 11

7 - 3 7 = -2 7
6.3 - Addition and Subtraction of Radical Expressions
Simplifying Radicals Prior to Adding or Subtracting

27 + 75 = 3 + 25 �
9� 3 = 3 3+5 3 = 8 3

3 20 - 7 45 = 3 4 �
5 - 7 9�
5 = 3�
2 5 -7�
3 5=
6 5 - 21 5 = -15 5

36 - 48 - 4 3 - 9 = 6 - 16 �
3 -4 3 -3 =

6 - 4 3 - 4 3 -3 = 3-8 3
6.3 - Addition and Subtraction of Radical Expressions
Simplifying Radicals Prior to Adding or Subtracting

10 3 81 p 6 - 3 24 p 6 =

3p - 8�
10 27 �
3
3p =
6 3 6

10 �
3p 23
3 -2p 23
3=

30 p 2 3 3 - 2 p 2 3 3 =
23
28 p 3
6.3 - Addition and Subtraction of Radical Expressions
Simplifying Radicals Prior to Adding or Subtracting

9 x 4 - 36 x 3 + x 3 =

3x 2 - 6 x 2 x + x 2 x =

3x 2 - 6 x x + x x =

3x 2 - 5 x x
6.3 - Addition and Subtraction of Radical Expressions
Examples:

x =
11 10
x=
x � x5 x

18x 4 = 9 �
2x 4 = 3x 2 2

27 27 9�
3 3 3
8
= = =
x x 8
x 8
x4

7y7
y6 y
7� y 3
7y
= =
25 25 5
6.3 - Addition and Subtraction of Radical Expressions
Examples:
3
88 = 3
11 =
8� 2 3
11

3 3
10 10 10
3 = =
27 3
27 3

3
27m3n 7 = 3 3 m3n 6 n = 3mn 2 3 n

81 3
81 3
27 �
3 33 3
3 = = =
8 3
8 2 2
6.3 - Addition and Subtraction of Radical Expressions
A Challenging Example
5
64x12 y 4 z18 = 5
2x10 x 2 y 4 z15 z 3 = 2 x 2 z 3 5 2 x 2 y 4 z 3
32 �
6.4 –Multiplication and Division of Radical Expressions
If b = a �b
a and b are real numbers, then a �
Examples:
7 �7 = 49 = 7

5 �2 = 10

6 �3 = 18 = 9 �
2= 3 2

10 x �2 x = 20x = 4 �
2
5x =
2
2x 5
6.4 –Multiplication and Division of Radical Expressions
Examples:
7 ( 7- 3 =) 7 �7 - 7 �3 = 49 - 21 =
7 - 21

5x ( x -3 5 = ) 5 x 2 - 3 25 x = x 5 - 3 �
5 x=

x 5 - 15 x

( x+ 5 )( x- 3 = ) x - 3 x + 5 x - 15 =
2
6.4 –Multiplication and Division of Radical Expressions
Examples:

( 3+6 )( 3 -6 =) 9 - 6 3 + 6 3 - 36 = 3 - 36 =
-33

( ) ( )( )
2
5x + 4 = 5x + 4 5x + 4 =

25 x 2 + 4 5 x + 4 5 x + 16 =

5 x + 8 5 x + 16
6.4 –Multiplication and Division of Radical Expressions
Review:
(x + 3)(x – 3)  x2 – 3x + 3x – 9  x2 – 9
6.4 –Multiplication and Division of Radical Expressions
If the denominator contains a radical and it is not a
monomial term, then the use of a conjugate is required
in order to rationalize the denominator.
conjugate

2 +5 2 + 5 2 +1 4 + 2 +5 2 +5
= � = =
2 -1 2 -1 2 +1 4 + 2 - 2 -1

2+6 2 +5 7+6 2
= = 7+6 2
2 -1 1
6.4 –Multiplication and Division of Radical Expressions
Example:
3 3 2- 7 6-3 7
= � = =
2+ 7 2+ 7 2- 7 4 - 2 7 + 2 7 - 49

6-3 7 6-3 7 3 2- 7
= = =
( )
4-7 -3 -3

( )
- 2 - 7 = -2 + 7
6.4 –Multiplication and Division of Radical Expressions
Example:
7 7 2+ x
= � =
2- x 2- x 2+ x

(
7 2+ x ) =
4 + 2 x - 2 x - x2

(
7 2+ x )
4- x