MODELS OF

COMMUNICATION
Communication
Communication is the art and the process of
sharing ideas.

It includes exchanging of information, signals, or

messages as by talk, gestures, or writing.
Communication
Definitions

Communication is the process of meaningful interaction among

human beings. (D.E. McFarland)

Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or

emotions by two or more persons.
(Newman and C.F. Summer Jr.)

Communication is any behavior that results in an exchange of

meaning. (The American Management Association)

Communication is a process of passing information and

understanding from one person to another (Keith Davis)
Process of Communication

Communication is a process that involves some

steps .The transmission of the sener’s ideas to the
receiver and the receiver’s feedback or reaction to the
sender completes the communication cycle. such
process is called Process of Communication.

* One Way Communication Process

* Two Way Communication Process
 Medium Decoding
Idea Idea
Encoding Received
(Sender/ Message (Receiver
Message
Transmitter/Tx) /Rx)

One Way Communication Process

Two Way Communication Process

Rx
Tx

Feedback
Sender/Encoder-
Is the person that has information to share withanother
person or group.

Encoding-
Leads to development of a
message that contains the
information of meaning the source hopes t o convey.
Message-
The set of symbols that the sendertransmits.

Medium-
The communication channels thought whichthe
Message moves from sender to receiver.
Decoding-
Process of transforming the sender’s message back
into thought.

Receiver-
Is the person(s) with whom the
sender shares thoughts of
information.
Noise- Unplanned static or distortion during the
communication process, resulting in the receiver's
receiving a different message than the sendersent.

Feedback- Receivers respond by hearing, seeing or

reading. Feedback is sent back to the sender.
Models of Communication
Shannon Weaver model of Communication.
Berlo’s model of Communication.
Aristotle model of Communication.
Shannon-Weaver Model
• This model developed in 1949 which is based on the idea that
communication occur only when the message has been received
and that it should be received unchanged as per as possible.
• This model simply proposes that a message actually originates
from the person who gets the thought or has the information.
The sender is also called the Source of information or the
Information Source. The information then gets transmitted
from the brain to the mouth and comes out as a signal which
then reaches the recipient after joining hands with several
noises and other disturbances. The recipient then furtherpasses
on the message to its final destination or other minds of other
individuals.
• In this model feedback was not considered to be an integral
component. Because the model conceived the communication
process as a linear act and feedback another new act of
communication.
Shannon-Weaver Model
 SOURCE-
A source of information with messages to
communicate
Message-
The set of symbols that the sendertransmits.

Transmitter-
A transmitter or sender with the capacity to transform
message into signals
 Channel-
The communication channels thought whichthe
Message moves from sender to receiver.
NOISE-
A sixth element, noise is a dysfunctional factor any
interference with the message travelling along the
channel which may lead to the signal received being
different from that sent.
Receiver-
A receiver, which 'decodes' (reconstructs) the message
from the signal.

Destination-
A destination, where the message arrives.
Berlo’s Model of Communication
Role of Berlo’sModel
• The idea of “source” was flexible enough to include
oral, written, electronic.
• “Message” was made the central element, stressing the
transmission of ideas.
• The model recognized that receivers were important to
communication, for they were the targets.
Aristotle Model ofCommunication
Role of AristotleModel
Provided an explanation of Oral Communication.
Recognize the importance of audience at the end of
communication chain.
This model helped in developing public relationships.
 Completeness
The message must be complete. It should convey all the
facts required by the audience. The sender of the
message must take into consideration the receiver and
should communicate all the facts and figures related to
the message.
 Consideration
Consideration implies “stepping into the shoes of
others”. Effective communication must take the
audience into consideration, i.e, the audience’s
view points, background, mind-set, education
level, etc. Make an attempt to envisage your
audience, their requirements, emotions as well as
problems. Ensure that the self-respect of the
audience is maintained and their emotions are not
at harm.
 Conciseness
Conciseness means communicating what you
want to convey in least possible words.
Conciseness is a necessity for effective
communication. Concise communication has
following features:
It is both time-saving as well as cost-saving.
It underlines and highlights the main message.
Concise communication provides short and essential
message in limited words to the audience.
Concise message is more appealing and comprehensible
to the audience.
 Clarity
Clarity implies emphasizing on a specific message
or goal at a time, rather than trying to achieve too
much at once. Clarity in communication has
following features:
It makes understanding easier.
Complete clarity of thoughts and ideas enhances
the meaning of message.
Clear message makes use of exact, appropriate and
concrete words
 Concreteness
Concrete communication implies being particular
and clear rather than fuzzy and general.
Concreteness strengthens the confidence.
Concrete message has following features:
It is supported with specific facts and figures.
It makes use of words that are clear and that
build the reputation.
Concrete messages are not misinterpreted
 Courtesy
Courtesy in message implies the message should show
the sender’s expression as well as should respect the
receiver. The sender of the message should be sincerely
polite, judicious, reflective and enthusiastic.
Courteous message has following features:
Courtesy implies taking into consideration both viewpoints as
well as feelings of the receiver of the message.
Courteous message is positive and focused at the audience.
It makes use of terms showing respect for the receiver of
message.
It is not at all biased
 Correctness
Correctness in communication implies that there are no
grammatical errors in communication. Correct
communication has following features:
The message is exact, correct and well-timed.
If the communication is correct, it boosts up the
confidence level.
Correct message has greater impact on the
audience/ readers.
It checks for the precision and accurateness of facts
and figures used in the message.
It makes use of appropriate and correct language in
the message.
Important of business
communication
For a business, the communication is said to be the life
blood, no business can develop in the absence of
effective communication , communication skills of the
employees are given high weightage at the time oftheir
appointment as well as promotion,
For smooth working of a large business -
Large business organizations have many braches
in country and even . for smooth working, it s
essential that the head office should have up-to-
date knowledge of the various activities of the
branches. It is possible only through an effective
network of communication.
For Promoting co-operation and
understanding -
Effective communication help to bring
about an atmosphere of mutual trust and
confidence. The management knows to
utilize the potential of employees.
Communication skill is must for some jobs:-
there are some areas like marketing sales, public
relations and labour relations where communication
skills are compulsory. Editors, writers, teachers and
advocates need a highly developed ability to
communicate.
Helpful in decision making-
Sufficient information must be collected before
making a prompt decision. Communication is a pre-
requisite for sufficient information
Basic of managerial function-
communication is the base for discharging various function
of management. Planning requires extensive
communication among the executives. An efficient system
of communication enables management to change the
attitude of subordinates and to motivate them. Without
effective communication, co-ordination and cintrol is
impossible,

To maintain relations with outsiders:-

the business organizations are required to deal with
various agencies like Bank, income tax and sales tax
authorities, Custom authorities and transporters, custom
authorities is required etc.
Importance of feedback

1.It completes the whole process of

communication and makes it continuous.
2.It makes one know if one is really communication
or making sense.
3.It is a basis for measuring the effectiveness of
communication.
4. It is a good basis for planning.
5. Feedback paves way for new idea generation.
Activity…
Thank you…