ADVANCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

UNIT V DUCTILE DETAILING

Ductility: Definition
Ductility may be broadly defined as the ability of a structure
or member to undergo inelastic deformations beyond the
initial yield deformation with no decrease in the load
resistance.
Or
Ductility can be defined as the “ability of material to undergo
large deformations without rupture before failure”.
Measures of Ductility
A quantitative measure of ductility has to be with reference to
a load-deformation response. A ductile response would be
reflected in the deformation increasing at nearly constant
load. Then, the ratio of the ultimate deformation to the
deformation at the beginning of the horizontal path (or, at first
‘yield’) can give a measure of ductility. However, each choice
of deformation (strain, rotation, curvature, or deflection) may
give a different value for the ductility measure.
• Curvature Ductility
• For an under-reinforced beam section in flexure, the
moment-curvature (M–ϕ) relation is typically as shown in
Fig.. Based on the idealised M–ϕ behaviour, curvature
ductility, μ, may be defined as the ratio ϕu/ϕy, where ϕy is
the curvature at first yield (idealised), and ϕu the maximum
(ultimate) curvature at the section

• Indeed, IS 13920 defines curvature ductility as the ratio of

curvature at the ultimate strength to the curvature at first
yield of tension steel in the section.
 It can be shown that ‘curvature ductility’, μ, of a section
increases with:
• decrease in the percentage tension steel (pt);
• increase in the percentage compression steel (pc);
• decrease in the tensile strength of steel;
• increase in the compressive strength of concrete† ;
• increase in the compression flange area in flanged beams;
and
• increase in the transverse (shear) reinforcement.
• increase in the confinement of concrete and compression
reinforcement (by closely spaced hoops, spirals, etc.).
• A curvature ductility of at least 5 is considered to be
adequate for reinforced concrete
Significance of ductility
If ductile members are used to form a structure, the structure can undergo large
deformations before failure. This is beneficial to the users of the structures, as in
case of overloading, if the structure is to collapse, it will undergo large
deformations before failure and thus provides warning to the occupants. This gives
a notice to the occupants and provides sufficient time for taking preventive
measures. This will reduce loss of life.
Structures are subjected to unexpected overloads, load reversals, impact and
structural movements due to foundation settlement and volume changes. These
items are generally ignored in the analysis and design. The limit state design
procedure assumes that all the critical sections in the structure will reach their
maximum capacities at design load for the structure. For this to occur, all joints and
splices must be able to withstand forces and deformations corresponding to
yielding of the reinforcement.

Necessity of ductile detailing

Ductile detailing is provided in structures so as to give them adequate toughness
and ductility to resist severe earthquake shocks without collapse.
• Comparison with brittle material
• Brittleness is a property of material that will fail suddenly without
undergoing noticeable deformations.
• Brittle structures do not give notice before failure and may collapse
and the occupants may not have time to take measures to prevent
collapse.
• Concrete is an example of brittle material. To avoid failure of
structure the structural engineer must take all provisions to increase
the ductility of structure.
• The structural engineer should design a structure functioning as a
ductile one. By suitably anchoring the reinforcement, the ductility of a
structure can be increased to a greater extent with little increase in
cost.
• In the case of reinforced concrete members subjected to inelastic
deformation, not only strength but also ductility plays vital role in the
design.
• A ductile material is the one that can undergo large strains while
resisting loads
• Reinforced concrete structures, unlike steel structures, tend to
fracture or fail in a relatively brittle fashion as the ductility or
deformation capacity of conventional concrete is limited.
• In such structures the brittle failure as result of inelastic
deformation can be avoided only if the concrete is made to
behave in a ductile manner so that the member can absorb and
dissipate large amount of energy.
• Hence in the case of reinforced concrete members subjected to
inelastic deformation, not only strength but also ductility plays
vital role in the design. A ductile material is the one that can
undergo large strains while resisting loads. Graph shown below
also show comparison between brittle and ductile material
regarding to deformation.
 THANK YOU
AND
WISH YOU ALL THE BEST