Nutrition Related Concern In

Adulthood
PRESENTED BY:
SABITA BHUSAL(211)
PRABHA SHRESTHA(209)
SABINA MAGAR(207)
SABITA RAI(205)
SAILAJA NEUPANE(151 )
• Adulthood, the period in the human lifespan
in which full physical and intellectual maturity
have been attained. Adulthood is commonly
thought of as beginning at age 20 or 21 years.
 Stages of Adulthood
• Early Adulthood : 20 – 40
• Middle Adulthood :40 – 60
• Late Adulthood: 60+
• State of health at any age is influenced by
what is eaten
• One cannot have the best of health unless one
eats wisely
• Maintenance and repair is the theme for
nutrition and the adult
• Child grows taller as he matures, adult lose
stature
• The cumulative effects of maturation, disease,
medication and previous health practices
influence the nutrient needs of adults
• The total nutrients needed for replacement
and repair of mature adult are more than the
total nutrient needs of children except for
calcium, phosphorous, and vitamin D.
Nutrition related problems in ADULT
 Malnutrition in Adults

• Malnutrition is a serious, but common, health

problem that occurs when your diet does not
contain the right amount of nutrients in the
right proportion.

• Both, under nutrition and over-nutrition, are

referred to as malnutrition.
 Types of Malnutrition in adults

• Starvation related
• Acute disease or injury related
• Chronic disease related

• Recent studies have shown that though the starvation

and acute disease related malnutrition can be detected
easily, chronic disease related malnutrition is difficult
to notice, especially in obese patients.

• Older adults, too, are at very high risk for malnutrition.

 Symptoms of Malnutrition in Adults

• The most common symptom of under

nutrition in adults is unintentional weight loss
of 5 to 10 percent of your body weight over 3
– 6 months.
• The most common sign of over-nutrition is
being overweight because of overeating.
Other symptoms include –
• Muscle weakness
• Feeling tired all the time
• Increased susceptibility to infections
• Irritability and dizziness
• Depression and mood changes
 Causes of malnutrition

• Poverty

• Social factors :
 Living alone and being socially isolated (it’s a
psychological factor actually)
Alcohol and /or drug addiction
Sedentary lifestyle with no exercise
Not knowing much about nutrition or cooking,
especially if living alone
 Causes
• Physical factors :
Eating may be difficult if your teeth are in poor
condition or your dentures don’t fit properly.
Physical disability or mobility
Loss of appetite maybe because of chronic
illness, or as a result of losing your sense of
smell and taste.
Protein-energy malnutrition
 Medical conditions

• Certain genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis.

According to a study that was done to determine
the prevalence of malnutrition in adults with
cystic fibrosis (an inherited secretory gland
disorder that severely damages the lungs and the
digestive system), the researchers from France
found that nearly 50 percent adults with cystic
fibrosis had malnutrition, and its severity was
associated with diagnosis of cystic fibrosis before
the age of 18 years.
• Conditions that cause loss of appetite, e.g
cancer, liver disease, or persistent pain.
• frequent hospital admission.
• Conditions such as Crohn’s disease and
ulcerative colitis that cause inflammation of
the digestive tract and disrupt body’s ability to
absorb nutrients.
• Eating disorders
• Dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing)
• Respiratory disorders, for example, emphysema
• Gastrointestinal disorders, for example,
malabsorption
• Endocrine disorders, for example, diabetes,
thyrotoxicosis
• Neurological disorders, for example,
cerebrovascular accident, Parkinson’s disease
• Persistent vomiting or diarrhoea
• Drug interactions, for example, digoxin,
metformin, antibiotics, etc.
 Anaemia
• Blood contains iron within red blood cells.
Women with heavy periods are at risk of iron
deficiency anemia because they lose blood
during menstruation. Slow, chronic blood loss
within the body — such as from a peptic ulcer,
a hiatal hernia, a colon polyp or colorectal
cancer — can cause iron deficiency anemia.
 Obesity
• The occurrence and development of
overweight and obesity is the result of
multiple factors including demographic, socio-
economic and lifestyle variables .
 Obesity
• Obesity is a chronic disease that is increasing
in prevalence in adults, adolescents, and
children, and it is now considered to be a
global epidemic. Obesity is associated with a
significant increase in mortality and with risk
of many disorders, including metabolic and
cardiovascular disease, cancer, physical
limitations, mental health disease and social
isolation, among others.
 Consequences of Obesity

• Health Consequences
• People who have obesity, compared to those with a normal
or healthy weight, are at increased risk for many serious
diseases and health conditions, including the following:
• All-causes of death (mortality)
• High blood pressure (Hypertension)
• High LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, or high levels of
triglycerides (Dyslipidemia)
• Type 2 diabetes
• Coronary heart disease
• Stroke
 Consequences of Obesity
• Gallbladder disease
• Osteoarthritis (a breakdown of cartilage and bone within a joint)
• Sleep apnea and breathing problems
• Some cancers External (endometrial, breast, colon, kidney,
gallbladder, and liver)
• Low quality of life
• Mental illness such as clinical depression, anxiety, and other mental
disorders
• Body pain and difficulty with physical functioning
• For more information about these and other health problems
associated with obesity, visit Health Effects of Obesity.